Recent questions and answers

How does a quadrature phase detector work?
Answer : A **quadrature phase detector** (QPD) is used in communication systems to measure the phase difference between two signals that are in quadrature (i.e., separated by 90 degrees). It's commonly used ... phase difference, and provides an output that can be used to track or adjust the phase of signals....

What is the function of a brush in the DC Machine?
Answer : In a DC machine (whether it's a DC motor or DC generator), the **brush** plays a crucial role in transferring electrical power between the stationary part (the stator) and the ... between the rotating armature and the external circuit while also helping in current commutation for smooth operation....

How we Minimise the losses in a DC machine?
Answer : Minimizing losses in a DC machine (motor or generator) is crucial to improve efficiency and performance. Here are the main ways to minimize the losses in a DC machine: ### 1. **Reducing ... improved, and losses can be minimized, leading to better performance and longer lifespan of the machine....

What is a DC transformer?
Answer : A **DC transformer** is not a standard term in electrical engineering, as transformers are typically used for alternating current (AC) and not direct current (DC). The basic principle of a ... traditional DC transformer like you do with AC, DC voltage can be converted using DC-DC converters....

Why does a lead acid battery self-discharge?
Answer : A lead-acid battery self-discharges due to a combination of chemical and physical processes that naturally occur even when the battery is not in use. Here's why it happens: 1. **Chemical Reactions ... be reduced by storing the battery in cool conditions and keeping it fully charged when not in use....

What is a lightning rod?
Answer : A lightning rod is a metal rod or conductor that is installed on the top of a building or structure to protect it from lightning strikes. It works by providing a safe path for the ... In short, a lightning rod helps protect buildings by guiding the lightning safely away from important areas....

Is Java used in PLC?
Answer : Java is not typically used for programming PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers). PLCs usually use specialized programming languages designed for industrial automation, such as: 1. **Ladder Logic (LD ... software that communicates with PLCs over networks using protocols like Modbus, OPC, or MQTT....

Why is transformer apparent power?
Answer : The apparent power in a transformer is called "apparent" because it represents the total power flowing through the system, combining both real power (useful power) and reactive power (power that does no ... for both the energy used in work and the energy needed to maintain the system's operation....

Which is best EEE or CS?
Answer : The choice between Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE) and Computer Science (CS) depends on your interests, career goals, and the kind of work you enjoy doing. Here's a breakdown to help you ... have excellent prospects. It depends on what excites you more: hardware (EEE) or software (CS)....

What is dB in an amplifier?
Answer : In an amplifier, **dB (decibel)** is a unit used to express the **gain** or **loss** of the amplifier. It is a logarithmic way of representing the ratio of output power to ... decreases the signal, using a logarithmic scale that makes it easier to understand large variations in power or voltage....

How does a voltage balance scheme detect broken conductor faults in transmission lines?
Answer : A voltage balance scheme is a method used in electrical transmission systems to detect faults like broken conductors in transmission lines. Here's how it works in simple terms: ### 1. ** ... measurable imbalance in voltage, which the scheme detects and triggers a response to isolate the fault....

What is the principle of cycloconverter operation?
Answer : A **cycloconverter** is a type of power converter used to convert **AC (alternating current)** power from one frequency to another. It operates on the principle of **direct frequency ... AC frequency to another by slicing and rearranging the input waveform to create the desired output frequency....

What are the benefits of a three-phase UPS?
Answer : A three-phase UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is designed to provide backup power for critical systems and equipment, especially in industrial, commercial, and large-scale settings. Here ... industries where downtime is unacceptable, and continuous, clean power is needed for sensitive equipment....

What law is Tellegen's theorem based on?
Answer : Tellegen's theorem is based on **Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)** and **Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)**. These laws are fundamental to circuit theory. - **Kirchhoff's Current ... connects the power input and output of electrical components in a network, showing the relationship between them....

Why is it called an apple box?
Answer : An apple box is a wooden box commonly used in film and television production. Despite its name, it's not related to actual apples. The term "apple box" comes from its use in the early ... actors a boost for specific shots. They became iconic in the industry due to their usefulness and durability....

Why LC oscillator is better than RC oscillator?
Answer : An LC oscillator is often considered better than an RC oscillator for certain applications, and here are some reasons why: ### 1. **Higher Frequency Operation**: - **LC Oscillators ... a good choice for low-frequency applications or where simplicity and cost are more important than performance....

How is an inverter classified based on output waveform?
Answer : Inverters can be classified based on the type of output waveform they produce. The three main classifications are: 1. **Square Wave Inverter**: - **Output Waveform**: A square ... wave inverters being a middle-ground option, and pure sine wave inverters providing the highest quality output....

How many types of DAC are available?
Answer : There are several types of Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs), and each type operates in a slightly different way. The main types of DACs are: ### 1. **Binary-Weighted DAC** ... of DACs, each with specific applications depending on factors like resolution, speed, power consumption, and accuracy....

When the length of the wire is doubled its resistivity becomes four times?
Answer : When the length of a wire is doubled, the **resistance** of the wire increases, but the **resistivity** of the wire does not change. Here's why: 1. **Resistivity** (denoted by ρ) is ... four would apply if the **area** of the wire were doubled (since resistance is inversely proportional to area)....

What is the difference between FSK and PSK modulation?
Answer : FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) and PSK (Phase Shift Keying) are both modulation techniques used to encode data onto a carrier signal for transmission, but they differ in how they manipulate the ... like pager communications, and PSK used in more complex systems like Wi-Fi and satellite communications....

What is the difference between AC and DC generator?
Answer : The main difference between **AC (Alternating Current) generators** and **DC (Direct Current) generators** lies in the type of current they produce and their design. Here's a ... are more commonly used for electricity generation and distribution, while DC generators have more specific uses....

What is a node in an electrical grid?
Answer : In an electrical grid, a **node** refers to any point where electrical connections meet. Think of it like a junction or intersection where different electrical components, such as power lines, transformers, or ... know if you'd like to dive deeper into how these nodes work or how they are managed!...

What are the main advantages of multiplexing?
Answer : Multiplexing is a technique used to combine multiple signals into one medium for transmission, allowing more efficient use of resources like bandwidth. Here are the main advantages of ... of transmission resources, leading to faster, more reliable, and cost-effective communication systems....

How does an LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) work?
Answer : An **LVDT** (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) is a type of sensor used to measure linear displacement (how far something has moved in a straight line). It's commonly used ... difference is then measured to determine the position of the core, allowing for precise displacement measurement....

State the relationship between line voltage & phase voltage and line current & phase current in a 3-phase star connected system.
Answer : In a 3-phase star (wye) connected system, the relationship between line voltage, phase voltage, line current, and phase current can be summarized as follows: ### 1. **Line Voltage and ... and currents behave in a 3-phase system, especially when configuring systems for different types of loads....

What is a good capacitance?
Answer : A "good" capacitance depends on the context in which you're using the capacitor. Capacitance is measured in **farads (F)**, but for most practical applications, capacitance values ... or smoothing applications, while smaller values are great for filtering, timing, and high-frequency applications....

What is the principle of star-delta?
Answer : The **star-delta** connection is a method used to connect three-phase electrical systems, commonly in motors or transformers, to reduce the starting current or manage voltage levels. It's based on two ... switch to delta mode for full power operation. Let me know if you'd like further details!...

Why is it called a constant?
Answer : The term "constant" refers to something that doesn't change. In mathematics, science, and engineering, a constant is a value that remains the same no matter what. For example, in an ... because it represents a value that doesn't vary-it stays "constant" throughout any calculation or process....

What happens to the electric flux if the electric field increases?
Answer : When the electric field increases, the electric flux also increases. Here's why: The electric flux (\(\Phi_E\)) through a surface is calculated using the formula: \[ \Phi_E = E \cdot ... ** through a given surface, assuming the angle between the electric field and the surface remains the same....

Is RTOS necessary?
Answer : Whether a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is necessary depends on the specific requirements of your project or application. Here's a breakdown to help you understand: ### What is an RTOS? An ... RTOS and can rely on simpler solutions. It really comes down to your project's specific requirements....

What is node and nodal?
Answer : In electrical engineering, **node** and **nodal** are terms commonly used in the context of circuit analysis. ### **Node:** A **node** is simply a point in an electrical circuit ... nodal analysis is a mathematical technique for solving circuit problems by focusing on the voltages at these nodes....

What is Young's elasticity formula?
Answer : Young's elasticity formula, also known as **Young's modulus** (denoted as \( E \)), is a measure of the stiffness of a material. It defines the relationship between ... engineering that helps in designing structures and materials that need to withstand specific forces without excessive deformation....

What is the first Lenz law?
Answer : Lenz's Law states that the direction of an induced current (or electromotive force, EMF) in a conductor will always oppose the change in magnetic flux that caused it. In simple terms, when a ... decrease. Lenz's law essentially tells us that nature "fights back" against changes in magnetic fields....

What is the relationship between radiation intensity and power density?
Answer : The relationship between **radiation intensity** and **power density** is closely linked, but they describe different aspects of how energy is spread or transmitted through space. Let me break ... can be calculated from intensity by considering the total spread of radiation over a spherical surface....

What is the full form of KVAR?
Answer : The full form of **KVAR** is **Kilo Volt-Ampere Reactive**. It is a unit used to measure **reactive power** in an electrical system. Reactive power is the power that oscillates between ... and magnetic fields in a system, but not the power that actually powers devices like lights or heaters....

How does temperature affect the resistivity of an insulator Class 12?
Answer : Temperature has a significant effect on the resistivity of materials, including insulators. In general, for most insulators, **resistivity increases with an increase in temperature**. Here's why: ... increases with temperature as well, but for insulators, the effect is even more pronounced....

How do you measure the performance of a transmission line?
Answer : Measuring the performance of a transmission line involves evaluating several key parameters that affect how efficiently it can transfer electrical power from one point to another. Here are the ... of the transmission line and make necessary adjustments to improve efficiency or troubleshoot issues....

Which engineers are in demand in Google?
Answer : Google, being a global tech leader, looks for a variety of engineering talents across different fields. The demand for engineers at Google is typically high in the following areas: ### 1. ... learning in-demand technologies, and contributing to open-source projects to make your profile stand out!...

What is the relation between applied voltage and emf induced with respect to flux wave?
Answer : The relationship between the applied voltage and the induced electromotive force (emf) in the context of flux waves is rooted in Faraday's Law of Induction. Let me explain this step by step in simple ... the flux changes, the higher the induced emf will be. Does this help clarify the relationship?...

What are flip flops in digital electronics?
Answer : In digital electronics, **flip-flops** are basic memory elements used to store binary data (0 or 1). They are a type of **sequential logic circuit**, meaning their output depends not just on ... to "remember" a bit of data and update that data at specific times, usually controlled by clock signals....

Is silicon steel used to reduce hysteresis loss?
Answer : Yes, silicon steel is used to reduce hysteresis loss in electrical machines like transformers, motors, and inductors. Hysteresis loss occurs when a magnetic material, like iron, is ... electric motors, where reducing both hysteresis and eddy current losses is important for improving efficiency....

How does a flash ADC differ from a folding ADC?
Answer : A **Flash ADC** and a **Folding ADC** are both types of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), but they differ in their design and how they convert an analog signal to a digital one. Here's a ... is the way to go. If you need higher resolution and moderate speed, a Folding ADC might be more suitable....

What is the principle of duality in control system?
Answer : Yes, a motor can generate electricity! A motor works by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy (movement). However, if you reverse the process, where you apply mechanical energy (like turning ... depends on factors like the motor's design, speed, and the strength of the magnetic field....

Can capacitors change voltage instantaneously?
Answer : No, capacitors cannot change voltage instantaneously. This is because the voltage across a capacitor is related to the amount of charge stored on it, and the relationship between current and voltage change in ... , and it takes time for them to charge or discharge and for the voltage to change....

What is a grid-tied inverter?
Answer : A **grid-tied inverter** (also called a **grid-connected inverter**) is a type of inverter used in solar energy systems to convert the DC (Direct Current) electricity generated by solar panels ... is a key component for using solar power efficiently when you're connected to the main power grid....

How can LEDs be used in fashion shows?
Answer : LEDs can be used in fashion shows in many creative and innovative ways to enhance the visual appeal and experience. Here are some of the ways LEDs are incorporated into fashion ... designers and technologists. They blend fashion with technology, providing endless possibilities to wow the audience....

What are the key differences between a unipolar and bipolar transistor?
Answer : The key differences between a **unipolar transistor** (also known as a **field-effect transistor**, or FET) and a **bipolar transistor** (also known as a **bipolar junction transistor**, ... are more efficient and faster, while **BJTs (Bipolar Transistors)** are better for high-power applications....

What is bimetal used for?
Answer : Bimetal is a material made by combining two different metals, typically bonded together in a way that allows them to work together in various applications. The two metals have ... used for controlling temperature-sensitive processes, protecting circuits, and enabling precise temperature regulation....

Do electrons flow opposite of conventional current?
Answer : Yes, electrons flow opposite to conventional current. Here's why: - **Conventional current** is the flow of positive charge, which is considered to flow from the positive terminal to the ... negative to positive. This difference is just a historical convention, but it's important to know!...

What is the full form of Ebitda?
Answer : The full form of **EBITDA** is **Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization**. It's a financial metric used to measure a company's profitability by showing how ... and investors focus on the core business operations without these extra factors that can vary between companies....