Recent questions and answers

What is the principle of inductor?
Answer : The principle of an inductor is based on **electromagnetic induction**. Here's a simple breakdown of how it works: 1. **Magnetic Field Creation**: When electric current flows through a wire, it ... . That's why inductors are often used in circuits to smooth out current changes or filter signals!...

How does a voltage balance relay detect broken conductor faults?
Answer : A voltage balance relay detects broken conductor faults by monitoring the voltage difference between two or more conductors in a system. Here's a simplified explanation: 1. **Normal ... crucial to detect broken or disconnected conductors quickly to avoid equipment damage or unsafe conditions....

List various losses occurring in synchronous motor.
Answer : In a synchronous motor, various types of losses occur during its operation. These losses are responsible for reducing the overall efficiency of the motor. Here's a breakdown of the different ... reduction in a synchronous motor, and reducing them is crucial for improving the motor's performance....

What is the purpose of a current conveyor?
Answer : A **current conveyor** is an electronic device that is used to transfer electrical current from one part of a circuit to another while maintaining certain properties like voltage or current ... transfer current, process analog signals, and match impedances in high-speed and complex circuit designs....

How is the efficiency of a transformer calculated?
Answer : The efficiency of a transformer is a measure of how well it converts electrical power from the primary side (input) to the secondary side (output) without losing too much energy. It is ... given values of power output and input to calculate how efficient the transformer is in transferring energy....

What is a pull-down resistor?
Answer : A **pull-down resistor** is a resistor connected between a signal line and ground (0V) to ensure that the signal line defaults to a low voltage (logic 0) when it is not actively driven ... at a stable, low state (ground) when it is not actively driven, preventing unreliable or fluctuating behavior....

What are the advantages of Thevenin's theorem?
Answer : Thevenin's Theorem simplifies complex circuits, making it easier to analyze and solve electrical problems. Here are the key advantages of using Thevenin's Theorem: ### 1. **Simplification of Complex ... circuits, which makes it easier to calculate voltage, current, and power in a given load....

What is the formula of e0?
Answer : The symbol \( \varepsilon_0 \) (epsilon nought) represents the **permittivity of free space** (also called the **vacuum permittivity**), which is a physical constant that describes how ... electromagnetism, particularly in the equations for electric fields and forces, like **Coulomb's law**....

How does a resonant LLC converter operate?
Answer : A resonant LLC converter is a type of DC-DC power converter that uses resonance between inductors and capacitors to transfer energy efficiently with reduced switching losses. It's widely used ... this design allows for high efficiency and good performance across varying loads and input voltages....

What is the basic principle behind a switch-mode power supply (SMPS)?
Answer : A **Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS)** works on the basic principle of converting electrical energy from one form to another efficiently by rapidly switching the input power on and off, and ... storing energy, and regulating the output, leading to smaller, lighter, and more efficient power supplies....

What are fringes in a double-slit?
Answer : A voltage balance relay detects broken conductor faults by comparing the voltages between different conductors in a system. Here's how it works: ### 1. **Normal Condition:** In a balanced system ... conductors and identifying when the system becomes unbalanced due to a fault, such as a broken wire....

Why buck-boost converter is used in electric vehicles?
Answer : A buck-boost converter is used in electric vehicles (EVs) to efficiently manage the voltage levels between the battery and the electric motor or other components. It's essential because ... consistent voltage for the motor and other systems regardless of battery charge or operating conditions....

What is the function of the impedance?
Answer : Impedance is a measure of how much a circuit resists the flow of alternating current (AC). It's similar to resistance, but while resistance applies to direct current (DC) only, impedance is ... the various components of the circuit, depending on their values and the frequency of the applied voltage....

Who is the father of gauss law?
Answer : The father of Gauss's Law is **Carl Friedrich Gauss**, a German mathematician and physicist. Gauss formulated this law in the 19th century, and it is one of the fundamental laws of ... it generates. It is a key part of Maxwell's equations, which govern all classical electromagnetic phenomena....

What is the difference between open-loop and closed-loop gain?
Answer : The terms **open-loop gain** and **closed-loop gain** are used to describe the gain behavior of amplifiers, and they are especially important in control systems and electronics. Here's a simple ... ). - **Closed-loop gain** is the controlled amplification with feedback (stable and typically lower)....

What is meant by 1 ampere?
Answer : 1 ampere (A) is the unit of electric current. It represents the flow of electric charge through a conductor (like a wire) in one second. To put it simply, if you imagine a flow of tiny ... , you are getting a steady flow of electrical energy that can power things like small devices or light bulbs....

What is the symbol of current?
Answer : The symbol for electric current is **I**. It comes from the French word "intensité de courant," which means "intensity of current." So when you see **I** in electrical equations or diagrams, it represents the flow of electric charge through a conductor....

What is the Gauss Green theorem?
Answer : The **Gauss-Green Theorem** (also known as **Green's Theorem**) is a fundamental result in vector calculus that relates a **line integral** around a simple, closed curve to a ** ... convert a complicated integral around a curve into a potentially simpler integral over the region inside the curve....

How is Hall voltage produced?
Answer : Hall voltage is produced when an electric current flows through a conductor or semiconductor that is placed in a magnetic field. Here's a simple breakdown of how it happens: 1. **Current Flow ... voltage across it. This effect is used in devices like Hall effect sensors to measure magnetic fields....

What is the top 1 salary in India?
Answer : In India, individuals in the top 1% income bracket earn significantly more than the average citizen. According to a report by the World Inequality Lab, the top 1% of earners in India have an ... , and individual earnings can vary widely based on factors such as industry, experience, and location....

What are the principles of three-phase synchronous motor?
Answer : A three-phase synchronous motor operates on the principle of electromagnetism and the interaction between a rotating magnetic field and a rotor. Here's a breakdown of its key principles: ... motors work in various applications like power generation, pumps, compressors, and industrial machinery....

What are two types of batteries?
Answer : Two common types of batteries are: 1. **Alkaline Batteries**: These are the most commonly used batteries, found in devices like remote controls, flashlights, and toys. They are known for ... . They are lighter and more efficient compared to alkaline batteries, but they are also more expensive....

What is the difference between hysteresis and eddy current loss?
Answer : The terms **hysteresis loss** and **eddy current loss** both refer to types of energy losses that occur in magnetic materials, but they are caused by different physical phenomena. ... contribute to the overall energy losses in electrical machines, but they arise from different physical mechanisms....

How does a sample-and-hold amplifier work in data acquisition?
Answer : A sample-and-hold amplifier (S/H) is a crucial component in data acquisition systems. It captures an analog voltage signal at a specific point in time and holds (or "freezes") that value ... for the ADC to convert it, ensuring accurate data capture in systems that need to process varying signals....

What is Gauss theorem class 12?
Answer : Gauss's Theorem, also known as Gauss's Law, is a fundamental law in electrostatics that relates the electric field around a charged object to the charge enclosed by a surface. ... fields without needing to deal with complicated integrals, especially when dealing with symmetric charge distributions....

What is the formula of gauss law in vector form?
Answer : The formula of Gauss's Law in vector form is: \[ \oint_S \mathbf{E} \cdot d\mathbf{A} = \frac{Q_{\text{enc}}}{\varepsilon_0} \] Where: - \(\oint_S\) represents the ... Gauss's Law states that the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed within the surface....

What is the relationship between E and B field?
Answer : The electric field (**E**) and magnetic field (**B**) are closely related in the context of electromagnetism, which is described by **Maxwell's equations**. Here's ... interdependencies are key to understanding electromagnetism, including how light (an electromagnetic wave) travels through space....

Is a battery charger AC or DC?
Answer : A battery charger is typically a **DC (Direct Current)** device. Here's why: - **Batteries store DC**: Most batteries (like those in smartphones, laptops, or cars) store energy as direct current ( ... the power coming from the wall outlet is AC, the charger itself turns it into DC for the battery....

How does a frequency synthesizer function?
Answer : A **frequency synthesizer** is a device used to generate a range of frequencies from a single reference frequency. It's commonly used in electronics, communications, and signal processing. Here's how it ... , divides it or multiplies it using a PLL and VCO, and provides a precise output frequency....

What is the principle of duality?
Answer : The principle of duality is a concept that comes from Boolean algebra and digital logic design. It states that every Boolean expression has a dual expression, where the operations (AND, OR) and ... dual rules. This can help in simplifying circuits or understanding their behavior in a different way....

What are examples of duality?
Answer : Duality is a concept found in various fields, where two seemingly different things are connected or are two sides of the same coin. Here are some examples of duality in different contexts: ### ... other, and often they complement one another to give a more complete understanding of a situation....

What is a capacitor and SI unit?
Answer : A **capacitor** is an electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material called a **dielectric* ... Capacitors are commonly used in electronic circuits for tasks like filtering, energy storage, and timing....

What happens to EV after 8 years?
Answer : After 8 years, an electric vehicle (EV) can experience a few key changes, mainly related to the battery and overall performance: 1. **Battery Degradation**: The most significant change is the ... range, battery performance, and resale value will likely be reduced compared to when it was new....

State working principle of three phase induction motor.
Answer : The working principle of a three-phase induction motor is based on the interaction between the rotating magnetic field produced by the stator and the rotor. Here's a simplified explanation of how it ... the magnetic fields of the stator and the rotor creates a torque, causing the rotor to rotate....

What is the application of nickel iron cell?
Answer : Nickel-iron (NiFe) cells, also known as Edison batteries, have several key applications due to their unique properties: 1. **Backup Power Systems:** NiFe cells are often ... and reliable performance are essential, especially in industrial, backup power, and renewable energy storage systems....

What is the fundamental of RTOS?
Answer : The fundamental concept of a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is to manage the hardware and software resources of a computer in a way that meets the timing requirements of ... specific time constraints, prioritizing time-sensitive operations while maintaining efficient use of system resources....

What are the different methods for inverter energy storage?
Answer : Inverters are devices that convert DC (Direct Current) energy from sources like solar panels or batteries into AC (Alternating Current) energy for use in homes or businesses. However, ... residential applications, battery storage (especially lithium-ion) is the most common and practical choice....

What is analog vs digital?
Answer : **Analog vs Digital** refers to two different ways of representing information or signals. ### **Analog** - **Continuous signal**: Analog signals are continuous. This means they can take any value within a range ... , **analog** is like a smooth wave, while **digital** is like a series of steps....

What is a medium transmission line?
Answer : A **medium transmission line** refers to a type of electrical transmission line that is used to carry electrical signals or power over moderate distances, typically ranging from a few ... the electrical grid, carrying power or signals over moderate distances, balancing efficiency and performance....

What is the SI unit of resistance?
Answer : The SI unit of resistance is the **ohm** (symbol: **Ω**). Resistance is a measure of how much a material opposes the flow of electric current. One ohm is defined as the resistance that ... across a resistor and the current flowing through it is 1 ampere, the resistance of the resistor is 1 ohm....

What is the general formula of strain?
Answer : The general formula for **strain** is: \[ \text{Strain} = \frac{\text{Change in Length}}{\text{Original Length}} = \frac{\Delta L}{L_0} \] Where: - \( \Delta L \) is the ... before deformation. Strain is a **dimensionless** quantity, meaning it has no units-it represents a ratio of lengths....

Is a bigger capacitor better?
Answer : Not necessarily! A bigger capacitor isn't always "better" - it really depends on what you're using it for. Capacitors come in different sizes and capacitances (measured in farads), and the right size depends ... for some cases, but you need the right size for the specific job you're trying to do!...

What is tunnel diode in physics?
Answer : A **tunnel diode** is a special type of diode that has a very thin **depletion region** (the area in the diode where current normally doesn't flow). This unique feature allows the diode to ... a type of diode that can take advantage of quantum mechanics to behave in ways that regular diodes cannot!...

What is a color mixing LED?
Answer : A **color mixing LED** is a type of LED (Light Emitting Diode) that can produce a wide range of colors by combining different colored LEDs (typically red, green, and blue). These ... customizable lighting effects using just a single set of LEDs, rather than needing separate lights for each color....

What is the difference between bilateral and unilateral elements with examples?
Answer : In electrical engineering, the terms **bilateral** and **unilateral** refer to the behavior of electrical components (or elements) with respect to the direction of current flow. ### ... -sensitive. - **Bilateral** elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors are direction-independent....

What type of energy is battery storage?
Answer : Battery storage is a form of **chemical energy**. In a battery, energy is stored chemically within the materials of the electrodes and electrolyte. When the battery is charged, electrical ... battery is storing energy in the form of chemicals, it ultimately provides electrical energy when needed....

Which country is best for EEe jobs?
Answer : The best country for Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE) jobs can vary depending on several factors like job market demand, salary, and quality of work-life balance. That being said, ... worth considering factors like language, work culture, and quality of life before making a decision!...

When a uniform wire of resistance R is stretched to N times?
Answer : When a uniform wire of resistance \( R \) is stretched to \( N \) times its original length, its resistance will change. The resistance of a wire depends on its length, cross-sectional area, and the material's resistivity. The ... \( N^2 \). So, the new resistance will be: \[ R' = N^2 \cdot R \]...

What is the unit of ADC value?
Answer : The ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) value itself doesn't have a physical unit like volts or amperes. Instead, it represents a **digital code** or **integer value** corresponding to the ... , it represents a specific voltage range based on the reference voltage and the resolution of the ADC....

What is an energy conservation policy?
Answer : An **energy conservation policy** is a set of rules, strategies, or guidelines put in place by governments, organizations, or businesses to reduce energy consumption. The goal is to ... energy conservation policy is to create sustainable practices that benefit both the environment and the economy....