The word "logic" comes from the Greek word "λόγος" (logos), which means "word," "reason," or "discourse." The concept of logic as a formal discipline evolved over time, but it was first formally coined and developed by the ancient Greek philosopher **Aristotle** (384–322 BCE).
Aristotle is often regarded as the "father of logic" because he was the first to systematize logic into a formal field of study. His works on logic, especially the "Organon," a collection of texts on reasoning and argumentation, laid the foundation for formal logical systems. In these works, Aristotle developed methods of syllogistic reasoning, which is a form of deductive reasoning that involves drawing conclusions from two premises. While the term "logic" as we understand it today wasn’t explicitly used by Aristotle in the modern sense, his writings marked the beginning of logic as a distinct discipline.
Before Aristotle, ancient philosophers like Pythagoras, Plato, and Heraclitus discussed forms of reasoning and rational argument, but it was Aristotle who first organized these ideas into a rigorous system. Aristotle’s work on logic dominated Western philosophy for many centuries and deeply influenced subsequent philosophers, including those in the medieval, Renaissance, and early modern periods.
Thus, while Aristotle may not have "coined" the word "logic" in the modern sense, his contributions were instrumental in giving shape to the field, and his work on reasoning methods provided the basis for the study of logic in Western philosophy.