Question

Draw neat labeled sketch of gas turbine co-generation.

Answer 1

I can't draw directly, but I can certainly describe how to create a neat and labeled sketch of a gas turbine co-generation system. This type of system is designed to produce both electricity and useful heat, making it highly efficient. Here's a step-by-step guide to drawing and labeling it:

### Components of a Gas Turbine Co-Generation System

1. **Gas Turbine**:
   - **Label**: "Gas Turbine"
   - **Description**: The gas turbine is the central component that generates electricity by burning fuel (usually natural gas). It consists of a compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine. The compressor compresses air, which is then mixed with fuel and burned in the combustion chamber. The high-pressure, high-temperature exhaust gases drive the turbine to generate mechanical power.

2. **Electric Generator**:
   - **Label**: "Electric Generator"
   - **Description**: Connected to the gas turbine, the electric generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.

3. **Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)**:
   - **Label**: "Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)"
   - **Description**: The HRSG captures the waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust gases. This heat is used to produce steam.

4. **Steam Turbine**:
   - **Label**: "Steam Turbine"
   - **Description**: The steam generated by the HRSG drives a steam turbine. This turbine is often connected to a secondary generator for additional electricity production.

5. **Condensing/Extraction Steam**:
   - **Label**: "Condensing/Extraction Steam"
   - **Description**: The steam exiting the steam turbine can be used for heating purposes. In a co-generation system, this steam is often used for district heating, industrial processes, or other applications.

6. **Cooling System**:
   - **Label**: "Cooling System"
   - **Description**: Includes cooling towers or heat exchangers to manage excess heat and condense the steam back into water.

7. **Power Output**:
   - **Label**: "Power Output"
   - **Description**: The total electricity produced is usually split between the electric generator connected to the gas turbine and the secondary generator connected to the steam turbine.

8. **Heat Output**:
   - **Label**: "Heat Output"
   - **Description**: This is the useful thermal energy provided by the steam or hot water, used for heating applications.

### Steps to Draw the System

1. **Start with the Gas Turbine**: Draw a rectangle or oval to represent the gas turbine, and label it "Gas Turbine."

2. **Add the Electric Generator**: Draw a smaller rectangle adjacent to the gas turbine to represent the electric generator. Connect it with a line to the gas turbine to show the mechanical connection.

3. **Draw the HRSG**: To the right of the gas turbine, draw a box or cylindrical shape for the HRSG. Label it "Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)."

4. **Include the Steam Turbine**: Draw another turbine shape connected to the HRSG with a line. Label it "Steam Turbine."

5. **Show the Cooling System**: Draw a rectangle or circle to represent the cooling system and connect it to the steam turbine output. Label it "Cooling System."

6. **Indicate Power and Heat Outputs**: Draw lines from both the gas turbine's generator and the steam turbine's generator to an "Electricity Output" label. Draw another line from the steam turbine to a "Heat Output" label.

7. **Label All Connections**: Use arrows to show the flow of energy and heat between components. For example, an arrow from the gas turbine to the HRSG should be labeled "Exhaust Gases."

8. **Add Details**: If desired, add additional labels for fuel supply and water/steam return lines.

### Example Sketch Layout

```
  [ Fuel Supply ]
        |
        V
  [ Gas Turbine ] ----- [ Electric Generator ]
        |                        |
        |                        |
        V                        V
  [ HRSG ]  ------------------- [ Steam Turbine ] ----- [ Secondary Electric Generator ]
        |
        V
  [ Cooling System ]
        |
        V
  [ Heat Output ]
```

This layout gives a clear view of how each component is connected and how energy flows through the system. The gas turbine drives the electric generator, the HRSG recovers waste heat to generate steam, which in turn drives the steam turbine to produce more electricity and useful heat. The cooling system handles excess heat and returns steam to a condensed state.

Answer 2

Creating a neat, labeled sketch of a gas turbine co-generation system involves showing the main components and their interactions. Here's a detailed description of what such a sketch would include:

### Gas Turbine Co-Generation System

**1. Gas Turbine:**
   - **Description:** The core component where fuel is combusted to produce high-speed, high-temperature gases.
   - **Label:** "Gas Turbine"

**2. Combustion Chamber:**
   - **Description:** Where the fuel and air mix and burn, generating hot gases.
   - **Label:** "Combustion Chamber"

**3. Compressor:**
   - **Description:** Compresses incoming air before it enters the combustion chamber.
   - **Label:** "Compressor"

**4. Generator:**
   - **Description:** Converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.
   - **Label:** "Generator"

**5. Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG):**
   - **Description:** Captures waste heat from the turbine exhaust to produce steam.
   - **Label:** "Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)"

**6. Steam Turbine:**
   - **Description:** Uses steam produced by the HRSG to generate additional power.
   - **Label:** "Steam Turbine"

**7. Cooling System:**
   - **Description:** Removes excess heat from the steam turbine or the system.
   - **Label:** "Cooling System"

**8. Electrical Grid:**
   - **Description:** Distributes the electricity generated to consumers.
   - **Label:** "Electrical Grid"

**9. District Heating (Optional):**
   - **Description:** Provides hot water or steam to buildings for heating purposes.
   - **Label:** "District Heating"

**10. Fuel Supply:**
   - **Description:** Supplies fuel (gas or liquid) to the combustion chamber.
   - **Label:** "Fuel Supply"

**11. Exhaust:**
   - **Description:** Releases exhaust gases after they have passed through the turbine and HRSG.
   - **Label:** "Exhaust"

**12. Control System:**
   - **Description:** Monitors and manages the operation of the entire system.
   - **Label:** "Control System"

### Sketch Layout

Here’s a simplified description of how to arrange these components in a sketch:

1. **Gas Turbine:** Place this centrally as it is the core of the system.
2. **Combustion Chamber:** Connect this to the inlet of the gas turbine.
3. **Compressor:** Show this before the combustion chamber, indicating air is compressed before burning.
4. **Generator:** Place this connected to the gas turbine, illustrating the conversion of mechanical to electrical energy.
5. **Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG):** Connect this to the exhaust of the gas turbine, indicating it captures waste heat.
6. **Steam Turbine:** Place this after the HRSG, showing it generates additional power from steam.
7. **Cooling System:** Position this in line with the steam turbine to manage heat.
8. **Electrical Grid:** Show this connected to the generator for electricity distribution.
9. **District Heating:** If included, connect this to the HRSG to show the use of waste heat for heating.
10. **Fuel Supply:** Place this feeding into the combustion chamber.
11. **Exhaust:** Show this exiting from the HRSG.
12. **Control System:** Place this overseeing and controlling all components.

This layout ensures a clear understanding of how energy flows through the system and how different components interact with each other.