The full form of **MODEM** is **Modulator-Demodulator**.
A modem is a device that converts digital data from a computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over traditional communication lines, such as telephone lines or radio. Here's a breakdown of its two main functions:
1. **Modulator**: This part of the modem converts the digital signals from a computer into analog signals. This process is necessary because traditional communication lines, like telephone lines, were designed to carry analog signals (such as voice), not digital data.
2. **Demodulator**: On the receiving end, the modem converts the incoming analog signals back into digital form, allowing the computer to understand the transmitted data.
In essence, the modem enables the communication of data between digital devices over analog mediums. This technology was especially vital in the early days of internet connectivity when dial-up connections were common.