What is the electric susceptibility of dielectric medium class 12?
2 Answers
Electric susceptibility is a key concept in electromagnetism, especially in the study of dielectric materials. It helps us understand how materials respond to electric fields. Here’s a detailed explanation suitable for Class 12 students:
### **Electric Susceptibility: An Overview**
**1. Definition:**
Electric susceptibility (\( \chi_e \)) is a measure of how easily a dielectric material gets polarized when exposed to an electric field. In simpler terms, it quantifies the degree to which a material can become polarized and thus influence its electric properties when subjected to an external electric field.
**2. Polarization:**
When an electric field is applied to a dielectric material, the positive and negative charges within the material shift slightly, creating an induced dipole moment. This shift results in polarization of the material. The extent of this polarization is related to the material’s susceptibility.
**3. Mathematical Expression:**
Electric susceptibility is defined as:
\[ \mathbf{P} = \varepsilon_0 \chi_e \mathbf{E} \]
Where:
- \(\mathbf{P}\) is the polarization vector of the material (dipole moment per unit volume).
- \(\varepsilon_0\) is the permittivity of free space (a constant with a value of approximately \(8.854 \times 10^{-12}\, \text{F/m}\)).
- \(\chi_e\) is the electric susceptibility.
- \(\mathbf{E}\) is the electric field applied to the material.
**4. Relation to Permittivity:**
The electric susceptibility is related to the relative permittivity (\( \varepsilon_r \)) of the material through the following relationship:
\[ \varepsilon_r = 1 + \chi_e \]
Here, \(\varepsilon_r\) is a dimensionless quantity representing how much the material increases the electric field compared to a vacuum.
**5. Types of Dielectrics:**
- **Linear Dielectrics:** In these materials, the polarization is directly proportional to the electric field, and thus the susceptibility is constant.
- **Nonlinear Dielectrics:** For these materials, the polarization response is not directly proportional to the electric field, and susceptibility may vary with the strength of the electric field.
**6. Practical Implications:**
- **High Susceptibility:** Materials with high electric susceptibility are used in applications where strong polarization is desirable, such as in capacitors and insulators.
- **Low Susceptibility:** Materials with low susceptibility are used where minimal polarization is needed, such as in certain electronic components.
**7. Example Materials:**
- **Glass and Ceramics:** These materials often have high electric susceptibility and are used as insulators in various electronic applications.
- **Air:** It has a susceptibility close to zero, making it a poor dielectric but a useful medium in applications where minimal polarization is desired.
In summary, electric susceptibility provides insight into how a material reacts to electric fields and is a crucial parameter in designing and understanding electrical and electronic systems.
### **Electric Susceptibility: An Overview**
**1. Definition:**
Electric susceptibility (\( \chi_e \)) is a measure of how easily a dielectric material gets polarized when exposed to an electric field. In simpler terms, it quantifies the degree to which a material can become polarized and thus influence its electric properties when subjected to an external electric field.
**2. Polarization:**
When an electric field is applied to a dielectric material, the positive and negative charges within the material shift slightly, creating an induced dipole moment. This shift results in polarization of the material. The extent of this polarization is related to the material’s susceptibility.
**3. Mathematical Expression:**
Electric susceptibility is defined as:
\[ \mathbf{P} = \varepsilon_0 \chi_e \mathbf{E} \]
Where:
- \(\mathbf{P}\) is the polarization vector of the material (dipole moment per unit volume).
- \(\varepsilon_0\) is the permittivity of free space (a constant with a value of approximately \(8.854 \times 10^{-12}\, \text{F/m}\)).
- \(\chi_e\) is the electric susceptibility.
- \(\mathbf{E}\) is the electric field applied to the material.
**4. Relation to Permittivity:**
The electric susceptibility is related to the relative permittivity (\( \varepsilon_r \)) of the material through the following relationship:
\[ \varepsilon_r = 1 + \chi_e \]
Here, \(\varepsilon_r\) is a dimensionless quantity representing how much the material increases the electric field compared to a vacuum.
**5. Types of Dielectrics:**
- **Linear Dielectrics:** In these materials, the polarization is directly proportional to the electric field, and thus the susceptibility is constant.
- **Nonlinear Dielectrics:** For these materials, the polarization response is not directly proportional to the electric field, and susceptibility may vary with the strength of the electric field.
**6. Practical Implications:**
- **High Susceptibility:** Materials with high electric susceptibility are used in applications where strong polarization is desirable, such as in capacitors and insulators.
- **Low Susceptibility:** Materials with low susceptibility are used where minimal polarization is needed, such as in certain electronic components.
**7. Example Materials:**
- **Glass and Ceramics:** These materials often have high electric susceptibility and are used as insulators in various electronic applications.
- **Air:** It has a susceptibility close to zero, making it a poor dielectric but a useful medium in applications where minimal polarization is desired.
In summary, electric susceptibility provides insight into how a material reacts to electric fields and is a crucial parameter in designing and understanding electrical and electronic systems.
Electric susceptibility (\(\chi_e\)) is a measure of how easily a dielectric material becomes polarized when subjected to an electric field. In simpler terms, it quantifies how much a material will polarize in response to an electric field.
For a dielectric medium in class 12 physics, the electric susceptibility is defined by the relationship:
\[ \vec{P} = \varepsilon_0 \chi_e \vec{E} \]
where:
- \(\vec{P}\) is the polarization of the dielectric medium.
- \(\varepsilon_0\) is the permittivity of free space.
- \(\chi_e\) is the electric susceptibility.
- \(\vec{E}\) is the electric field.
Electric susceptibility is a dimensionless quantity and varies depending on the material. It is related to the relative permittivity (\(\varepsilon_r\)) of the material by:
\[ \chi_e = \varepsilon_r - 1 \]
where \(\varepsilon_r\) is the relative permittivity (or dielectric constant) of the material.
For a dielectric medium in class 12 physics, the electric susceptibility is defined by the relationship:
\[ \vec{P} = \varepsilon_0 \chi_e \vec{E} \]
where:
- \(\vec{P}\) is the polarization of the dielectric medium.
- \(\varepsilon_0\) is the permittivity of free space.
- \(\chi_e\) is the electric susceptibility.
- \(\vec{E}\) is the electric field.
Electric susceptibility is a dimensionless quantity and varies depending on the material. It is related to the relative permittivity (\(\varepsilon_r\)) of the material by:
\[ \chi_e = \varepsilon_r - 1 \]
where \(\varepsilon_r\) is the relative permittivity (or dielectric constant) of the material.