A galvanometer is primarily an **ammeter**, as it is designed to measure small electric currents. It works on the principle of the magnetic effect of electric current, where a moving coil within a magnetic field deflects a pointer on a scale.
However, a galvanometer can be modified to function as a **voltmeter** by adding a high-value resistor in series with it. This allows it to measure voltage by converting the current measurement into a voltage reading, but its original design and main purpose are for current measurement.