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What is the formula for strain rate?
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What is the formula for strain energy?
Answer : The formula for strain energy depends on the type of deformation (e.g., axial, bending, torsion). In general, the strain energy (U) stored in a material due to deformation can be calculated as: ... 's properties (like Young's modulus or shear modulus), and the shape of the object being deformed....

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What is the general formula of strain?
Answer : The general formula for **strain** is: \[ \text{Strain} = \frac{\text{Change in Length}}{\text{Original Length}} = \frac{\Delta L}{L_0} \] Where: - \( \Delta L \) is the ... before deformation. Strain is a **dimensionless** quantity, meaning it has no units-it represents a ratio of lengths....

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What is the purpose of a strain gauge in force measurement?

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State the function of strain gauge. Give its types and explain the working of any one type of it.

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How do you wire a smart home energy arbitrage system for time-of-use rate optimization?

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What is the safe discharge rate for a lead acid battery?
Answer : The safe discharge rate for a lead-acid battery generally depends on the specific type of battery (flooded, AGM, gel, etc.) and the application, but there are some general guidelines to ... as they don't last too long. Always check the manufacturer's recommendations for specific discharge limits....

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What is the cheating rate in LDR?
Answer : The "cheating rate" in LDR (Long Distance Relationships) can vary depending on various factors such as trust, communication, and individual personalities. There isn't a specific or universally agreed-upon ... , and cheating isn't inevitable. It all depends on how both partners handle the situation....

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What is meant by critical rate of rise of on-state current (di/dt) in SCRs?

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How does a current-feedback amplifier achieve high slew rate?
Answer : A current-feedback amplifier (CFA) achieves a high slew rate due to its unique architecture and the way it processes signals. Here's a simple explanation of how it works: 1. ** ... reducing internal compensation and not having a dominant pole, CFAs can handle rapid voltage changes more effectively....

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What is the purpose of a rate of change of frequency protection scheme in islanding detection?
Answer : The Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) protection scheme plays a critical role in islanding detection, particularly in power systems with distributed generation (DG) such as solar or wind power ... of frequency change, which can then trigger actions to protect the system and ensure grid stability....

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What is the purpose of a rate of change of reactive power protection scheme?
Answer : The **rate of change of reactive power protection scheme** is designed to protect electrical systems from harmful conditions caused by rapid changes in reactive power. Reactive power, unlike ... system by detecting and responding to dangerous fluctuations in reactive power before they cause harm....

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What is the function of a load shedding scheme based on rate of change of frequency?

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How does a rate of change of frequency load shedding scheme operate?

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How does a rate of change of impedance protection scheme work?

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What is the function of a rate of change of power (dp/dt) relay?
Answer : A **Rate of Change of Power (dp/dt)** relay is a protective relay used in electrical systems to monitor and respond to rapid changes in power. Its primary function is to detect ... by quickly detecting abnormal and rapid power changes and taking action to protect equipment from potential harm....

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How does a rate of change of voltage (dv/dt) relay operate?

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How does a rate-of-change of frequency (ROCOF) relay work?

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How do you calculate the slew rate of an operational amplifier?

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Explain the concept of slew rate in audio amplifiers.
Answer : The **slew rate** in audio amplifiers refers to how quickly the amplifier can change its output voltage over time. It is typically measured in volts per microsecond (V/μs). In simpler ... the high-speed changes in an audio signal without distortion, ensuring clean and accurate sound reproduction....

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What is the purpose of a rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) relay?
Answer : A **Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) relay** is a protective device used in power systems to monitor the frequency of the electrical grid. Its primary purpose is to detect ... detecting rapid frequency changes and protecting the electrical grid from instability caused by sudden power imbalances....

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Explain the working principle of a bit error rate tester (BERT).

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What is the zero order rate law?
Answer : The zero-order rate law describes a situation in a chemical reaction where the rate of the reaction is **independent of the concentration** of the reactant(s). In other words, no matter how ... occur in certain conditions, like when a catalyst is involved or when the reactant is present in excess....

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What is the unit of decay rate?
Answer : The unit of decay rate depends on the context, but in general, for radioactive decay or exponential decay processes, the decay rate is often measured in terms of **"per time"**. Here's a more ... rate is typically **1/time** (s⁻¹), or decays per second for specific processes like radioactive decay....

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Why is instantaneous rate of change important?
Answer : The **instantaneous rate of change** is important because it tells us how something is changing at any given moment, rather than over a period of time. This concept is particularly helpful in ... over time. This allows for more precise decision-making and a deeper understanding of how things evolve....

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What is the paradox of instantaneous rate of change?

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What is the instantaneous rate of change of voltage?

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How is the displacement current related with rate of change of electric flux?

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What is the rate of change of electric potential with respect to displacement called?

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What is rate of change of electric displacement called?
Answer : The rate of change of electric displacement is called the **displacement current**. It is given by the equation: \[ \frac{\partial \mathbf{D}}{\partial t} \] where \(\mathbf{ ... capacitors. It plays a key role in the understanding of electromagnetic waves and is crucial for Maxwell's equations....

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What is the discharge rate of a 12V lead acid battery?

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What is the slew rate?
Answer : The **slew rate** is the maximum rate of change of an electrical signal, typically measured in volts per second (V/s). In simpler terms, it tells you how fast a voltage can change ... with the speed of voltage changes in circuits, especially when dealing with high-frequency or fast-changing signals....

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