1 Answer
False.
The electromotive force (emf) is not always less than the potential difference (PD). In an ideal situation (such as in a perfect battery with no internal resistance), the emf and the potential difference across the terminals of the battery are the same.
However, in real-life situations, the potential difference (PD) across the terminals of a battery can be less than the emf due to the internal resistance of the battery. The PD across the battery's terminals depends on the current flowing through the circuit, and this current causes a voltage drop across the internal resistance of the battery. So, in this case:
Potential Difference (PD) = emf - (current × internal resistance)
If there's no current (open circuit), the PD equals the emf. But when current flows, the PD can be less than the emf.
The electromotive force (emf) is not always less than the potential difference (PD). In an ideal situation (such as in a perfect battery with no internal resistance), the emf and the potential difference across the terminals of the battery are the same.
However, in real-life situations, the potential difference (PD) across the terminals of a battery can be less than the emf due to the internal resistance of the battery. The PD across the battery's terminals depends on the current flowing through the circuit, and this current causes a voltage drop across the internal resistance of the battery. So, in this case:
Potential Difference (PD) = emf - (current × internal resistance)
If there's no current (open circuit), the PD equals the emf. But when current flows, the PD can be less than the emf.