Question

What is electric field class 12th physics?

Answer 1

An electric field is a region around a charged particle where other charged particles experience a force. It represents how a charge would affect the space around it and how it interacts with other charges placed within that space.

Here’s a simpler way to understand it:

1. Imagine you have a positive charge. This charge creates an invisible "field" around it, which can push or pull other charges placed near it.
   

1. If you place a negative charge in the electric field, the negative charge will feel an attraction towards the positive charge because opposite charges attract. If you place another positive charge, it will feel a repulsive force because like charges repel each other.
   

Key points about electric field:

1. Direction: The direction of the electric field is always away from a positive charge and towards a negative charge.
   

1. Strength: The strength of the electric field depends on the amount of charge creating it and the distance from the charge.
   

   - The electric field is stronger near the charge and weaker as you move farther away from it.

1. Unit: The electric field is measured in Newtons per Coulomb (N/C).
   

1. Formula: The electric field \( E \) created by a point charge \( Q \) is given by the formula:
   

   \[
   E = \frac{KQ}{r^2}
   \]

   Where:
   - \( E \) is the electric field,
   - \( Q \) is the charge creating the field,
   - \( r \) is the distance from the charge,
   - \( K \) is Coulomb's constant (\( 9 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \)).

Example:

If you have a positive charge \( +Q \), the electric field points outward from the charge. If you place a positive test charge near it, the test charge will be pushed away. If you place a negative test charge, it will be pulled towards the positive charge.

In short, the electric field helps us understand how forces are transmitted through space from one charge to another.