1 Answer
The formula that relates electric flux (\(\Phi_E\)) to electric field (\(E\)) is:
\[
\Phi_E = E \cdot A \cdot \cos(\theta)
\]
Where:
Key Points:
This formula gives the electric flux through a surface when the electric field is uniform. If the field varies, you would need to integrate the electric field over the surface.
\[
\Phi_E = E \cdot A \cdot \cos(\theta)
\]
Where:
- \(\Phi_E\) is the electric flux (measured in Newton-meters squared per Coulomb, \(N \cdot m^2/C\)).
- \(E\) is the electric field strength (measured in Newtons per Coulomb, \(N/C\)).
- \(A\) is the area through which the electric field is passing (measured in square meters, \(m^2\)).
- \(\theta\) is the angle between the direction of the electric field and the normal (perpendicular) to the surface area.
Key Points:
- If the electric field is perpendicular to the surface (\(\theta = 0^\circ\)), then \(\cos(0^\circ) = 1\), and the flux is maximized.
- If the electric field is parallel to the surface (\(\theta = 90^\circ\)), then \(\cos(90^\circ) = 0\), and the flux is zero.
This formula gives the electric flux through a surface when the electric field is uniform. If the field varies, you would need to integrate the electric field over the surface.