The Brewster angle is the angle at which light with a specific polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent material, with no reflection. At this angle, the reflected light is completely polarized.
For water, the Brewster angle can be calculated using the formula:
\[
\tan(\theta_B) = \frac{n_2}{n_1}
\]
Where:
- \(\theta_B\) is the Brewster angle.
- \(n_1\) is the refractive index of the first medium (usually air, which has an index of about 1).
- \(n_2\) is the refractive index of the second medium (water, which has an index of around 1.33).
Using this, we get:
\[
\tan(\theta_B) = \frac{1.33}{1} = 1.33
\]
So:
\[
\theta_B = \tan^{-1}(1.33) \approx 53.1^\circ
\]
So, the Brewster angle for water is approximately
53.1 degrees.
At this angle, the reflected light will be completely polarized in a plane parallel to the surface, and the transmission will be maximized for light of the appropriate polarization.