1 Answer
A diode is a simple electronic component that allows current to flow in one direction only, and blocks it in the other direction. Here's how it works in simple terms:
Key Points:
In summary, a diode acts like a one-way valve for electrical current, only allowing it to pass in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction.
- Two Types of Semiconductors: A diode is made from two types of materials: p-type (positive) and n-type (negative) semiconductors. When these two materials are joined together, they form a p-n junction.
- The Junction and Depletion Region: At the point where the p-type and n-type materials meet, the free electrons from the n-type material move into the p-type material. This creates a depletion region where there are no free charges, which acts as a barrier that prevents current from flowing in certain directions.
- Forward Bias (Allowing Current Flow): When the positive side of the power supply (positive voltage) is connected to the p-type side and the negative side is connected to the n-type side, the depletion region shrinks. This allows current to flow from the p-side to the n-side. This condition is called forward bias.
- Reverse Bias (Blocking Current): When the positive side of the power supply is connected to the n-type side and the negative side is connected to the p-type side, the depletion region widens, which blocks current from flowing. This is called reverse bias, and in this state, the diode prevents current from passing through.
Key Points:
- Forward bias: Current flows.
- Reverse bias: Current is blocked.
In summary, a diode acts like a one-way valve for electrical current, only allowing it to pass in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction.