1 Answer
Hall Voltage and Hall Field are concepts related to the behavior of charged particles (such as electrons) in a conductor or semiconductor when exposed to a magnetic field.
1. Hall Voltage:
When an electric current flows through a conductor (like a thin metal plate), and a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the current, a voltage is generated across the conductor in the direction perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. This voltage is called Hall Voltage.
This happens because the moving charged particles (usually electrons) in the conductor experience a force due to the magnetic field, causing them to accumulate on one side of the conductor. As a result, a potential difference (voltage) builds up across the sides of the conductor, and this is the Hall Voltage.
Mathematically, Hall voltage \( V_H \) is given by:
\[
V_H = \frac{B I t}{n e}
\]
Where:
2. Hall Field:
The Hall Field refers to the electric field created across the conductor due to the buildup of charge on the sides of the conductor, as a result of the magnetic force on the moving charges. This electric field is also perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction of current flow.
The Hall field is what gives rise to the Hall voltage. It is a consequence of the separation of charge carriers (electrons) in the conductor when they experience the Lorentz force due to the magnetic field.
Mathematically, the Hall electric field \( E_H \) can be expressed as:
\[
E_H = \frac{V_H}{t}
\]
Where:
Summary:
The Hall effect is widely used to measure magnetic field strength and to determine the type (positive or negative) of charge carriers in a material.
1. Hall Voltage:
When an electric current flows through a conductor (like a thin metal plate), and a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the current, a voltage is generated across the conductor in the direction perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. This voltage is called Hall Voltage.This happens because the moving charged particles (usually electrons) in the conductor experience a force due to the magnetic field, causing them to accumulate on one side of the conductor. As a result, a potential difference (voltage) builds up across the sides of the conductor, and this is the Hall Voltage.
Mathematically, Hall voltage \( V_H \) is given by:
\[
V_H = \frac{B I t}{n e}
\]
Where:
- \( V_H \) = Hall voltage
- \( B \) = Magnetic field strength
- \( I \) = Current flowing through the conductor
- \( t \) = Thickness of the conductor (the dimension in the direction of the current)
- \( n \) = Charge carrier density (number of charge carriers per unit volume)
- \( e \) = Charge of the particle (usually the electron charge)
2. Hall Field:
The Hall Field refers to the electric field created across the conductor due to the buildup of charge on the sides of the conductor, as a result of the magnetic force on the moving charges. This electric field is also perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction of current flow.The Hall field is what gives rise to the Hall voltage. It is a consequence of the separation of charge carriers (electrons) in the conductor when they experience the Lorentz force due to the magnetic field.
Mathematically, the Hall electric field \( E_H \) can be expressed as:
\[
E_H = \frac{V_H}{t}
\]
Where:
- \( E_H \) = Hall electric field
- \( V_H \) = Hall voltage
- \( t \) = Thickness of the conductor
Summary:
- Hall Voltage is the potential difference generated across a conductor when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the direction of current flow.
- Hall Field is the electric field that develops across the conductor, which is responsible for the Hall voltage.
The Hall effect is widely used to measure magnetic field strength and to determine the type (positive or negative) of charge carriers in a material.