The NEMA 17 stepper motor is typically
bipolar. This means it has two coils (windings) that are used in pairs to create magnetic fields for movement. Bipolar stepper motors require a more complex driving circuit to reverse the current in each coil, but they offer higher torque and efficiency compared to unipolar motors.
Unipolar stepper motors, on the other hand, have an additional wire in each coil that allows the current to flow in one direction only, making them easier to drive but less powerful than bipolar motors.
So, most NEMA 17 motors are bipolar, but you might come across a unipolar version as well. The key difference is in how the motor is wired and driven.