State the components of availability-based tariff.

State any four salient features of a microprocessor-based protection relay. Draw a block diagram of a microprocessor-based overcurrent relay.
Answer : ### Four Salient Features of a Microprocessor-Based Protection Relay: 1. **High Accuracy and Reliability**: Microprocessor-based relays are designed to offer high precision in detecting faults. Their algorithms can process data more ... -----------------+ | Signal Conditioning| ...

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How does a UPS support high-availability systems?

How does a UPS support high-availability systems?
Answer : A UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is a crucial component in ensuring high-availability for systems, especially in environments where continuous uptime is essential, such as data centers, hospitals ... and preventing data loss, all of which are crucial for maintaining continuous system operation....

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How do you calculate UPS system availability?

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Draw the symbols and state their function of components used in substation (any six).

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List the different types of tariff.

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Illustrate the benefits of time off day and peak off day tariff relevant to energy cost along with its impact on energy bill.

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An industrial consumer charged with the scheduled tariff of Rs.250 /kVA per month for maximum demand and 150 paisa per unit consumed for load factor of 60% and 80%. Find overall cost per unit at i) unity P.F. ii) 0.9 P.F. consider maximum demand of 50 kVA.
Answer : To solve this, we need to calculate the total cost of electricity consumption for an industrial consumer, considering the maximum demand (MD), load factor (LF), and power factor (PF) at ... tariff is based on kVA, and the load factor and total consumption determine the cost more significantly....

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Make use of load factor and maximum demand tariff to minimize electrical consumption of electrical installation.

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Choose any four tariff schedule to reduce electricity bill of commercial consumer.

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Discuss how power factor tariff results in energy conservation.

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Define time off day tariff.

Define time off day tariff.
Answer : A **time-off day tariff** is a pricing system used by utility companies, like electricity providers, where the cost of the service (like electricity usage) varies depending on the time of day. In this system ... you might pay a lower rate compared to using it in the middle of the day (peak hours)....

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What are the benefits of cloud-based UPS management?

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What are the benefits of using inverter-based generation technologies?

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What are the advantages of using inverter-based renewable energy systems?

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What is the working principle of galvanometer based upon?

What is the working principle of galvanometer based upon?
Answer : The working principle of a **galvanometer** is based on the interaction between a **magnetic field** and a **current-carrying conductor**. Here's how it works in simple terms: 1. ** ... interacts with a magnetic field, causing it to move. This movement is then used to measure small currents....

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What is the function of a load shedding scheme based on voltage and frequency measurements?

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What is the function of a load shedding scheme based on rate of change of frequency?

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What is the function of a synchrophasor-based protection scheme in wide area protection?

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How does an impedance-based loss of excitation protection scheme work?

How does an impedance-based loss of excitation protection scheme work?
Answer : An impedance-based loss of excitation protection scheme is used to detect and protect synchronous generators (or alternators) in power systems from a situation where the excitation to ... synchronous generators, especially in situations where the excitation system might fail or experience issues....

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What are the three types of transmission based?

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Explain the layout of a thermo-chemical based (Municipal waste) power plant.

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Draw a layout of a thermo-chemical based power plant.

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Explain the operation of opto coupler based triggering circuit with diagram.

Explain the operation of opto coupler based triggering circuit with diagram.
Answer : An optocoupler (also known as an optoisolator) is a component used to isolate different sections of a circuit, particularly for triggering purposes. It uses light to transfer signals between ... -voltage signals, such as in industrial control systems, power electronics, and automotive applications....

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List co-generation systems based on sequence of energy used.

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Compare the salient features of LED and CFL based on (i) Lamp efficiency (ii) Life span.

Compare the salient features of LED and CFL based on (i) Lamp efficiency (ii) Life span.
Answer : Here's a comparison of **LED** and **CFL** based on **lamp efficiency** and **lifespan**: ### 1. **Lamp Efficiency:** - **LED (Light Emitting Diode)**: - **Efficiency**: LED lamps ... and **last longer** than **CFLs**, making them the better choice in terms of both energy savings and longevity....

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Compare the salient features of mercury vapour lamp and sodium vapour lamp based on (i) lamp efficiency (ii) lumen output.

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List the types of DC Motors based on the connection of the field windings.

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Explain the relation of V2 and I2 based on the load connected to the transformer.

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What is the function of a gate driver in a MOSFET-based circuit?

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What is a cloud-based energy management system?

What is a cloud-based energy management system?
Answer : A **cloud-based energy management system (EMS)** is a technology platform that helps monitor, control, and optimize energy usage across buildings, factories, or even entire organizations-all ... way to manage energy consumption and make informed decisions about how to use energy more efficiently....

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How do you select a LED based on its color rendering?

How do you select a LED based on its color rendering?
Answer : When selecting an LED based on its **color rendering** performance, you'll primarily focus on the **Color Rendering Index (CRI)**. CRI is a measure of how accurately an LED (or any light ... you'll be able to select an LED that provides the color accuracy you need for your specific application!...

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How do you choose an LED based on beam angle?

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How do you create a LED-based educational project?

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What is a risk-based approach to transmission planning?

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How is an inverter classified based on output waveform?

How is an inverter classified based on output waveform?
Answer : Inverters can be classified based on the type of output waveform they produce. The three main classifications are: 1. **Square Wave Inverter**: - **Output Waveform**: A square ... wave inverters being a middle-ground option, and pure sine wave inverters providing the highest quality output....

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On what law galvanometer is based?

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How does role-based access control work in substation automation systems?

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Which thermometer is based on Seebeck effect?

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What are the classification based on transmission technology?

What are the classification based on transmission technology?
Answer : Transmission technologies can be classified based on various factors, including the medium through which data is transmitted, the way signals are modulated, and the technology used. Here's ... to understand how transmission technology works and what its strengths are for different applications....

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What is the Snell's law based on?

What is the Snell's law based on?
Answer : Snell's Law is based on the **principle of wavefront continuity** and **Huygens' principle**. It describes how light bends when it passes from one medium to another due to a change in ... by considering the varying speed of light in different media. Would you like a deeper mathematical derivation?...

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What is the divergence theorem based on?

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Is EMF vector based?

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What law is Tellegen's theorem based on?

What law is Tellegen's theorem based on?
Answer : Tellegen's theorem is based on **Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)** and **Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)**. These laws are fundamental to circuit theory. - **Kirchhoff's Current ... connects the power input and output of electrical components in a network, showing the relationship between them....

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What is the superposition theorem based on?

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On which principle KVL and KCL are based?

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Explain with a neat diagram a microcontroller-based water level controller.

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Identify energy conservation opportunities in transformer based on material technology.

Identify energy conservation opportunities in transformer based on material technology.
Answer : When considering energy conservation in transformers, material technology plays a crucial role in improving efficiency, reducing losses, and extending the lifespan of the equipment. Here are ... research into new materials progresses, even greater improvements in energy conservation are expected....

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State the components of availability-based tariff.

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