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Electrical Engineering

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Electrical Engineering

How does a photovoltaic (PV) cell convert sunlight directly into electricity?

by EE-Expert in Solar PV Systems asked 1 month ago

How does a photovoltaic (PV) cell convert sunlight directly into electricity?

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in Electronic Materials & Components

What is the fundamental difference in the physical mechanism and material structure between a Light Emitting Diode (LED) and a Laser Diode, given that both are semiconductor p-n junction devices that convert electricity into light?

What is the fundamental difference in the physical mechanism and material structure between a Light Emitting Diode (LED) and a Laser Diode, given that both are semiconductor p-n junction devices that convert electricity into light?
Answer : The difference lies in the nature of the photon emission process they utilize and the physical structure required to support that process. An LED relies on **Spontaneous Emission** to produce incoherent light, ... data | Fiber optics, barcode scanners, laser pointers, Blu-ray/DVD players |...

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in Source transformation

Convert the circuit shown in fig. into a single voltage source in series with resistance.

Convert the circuit shown in fig. into a single voltage source in series with resistance. ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=17118069873838951895
Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=10997850983763419494 --- ### **Mastering Source Transformation: A Step-by-Step Circuit Simplification Example** Source transformation is a ... **30/31 Ω (or approximately 0.97 Ω) resistor**. **Final Circuit Diagram:** ...

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in Source transformation

Using source conversion, convert the given circuit into an equivalent circuit containing a single resistance and voltage source.

Using source conversion, convert the given circuit into an equivalent circuit containing a single resistance and voltage source. ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=4024946229561106108
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in Current Electricity

Define emf. of a cell? On what factors does it depend?

Define emf. of a cell? On what factors does it depend?
Answer : ### Definition of EMF (Electromotive Force) The **EMF (Electromotive Force)** of a cell is defined as the maximum potential difference between its two terminals when no current is being drawn ... *, not its EMF. A larger distance increases the path ions must travel, increasing internal resistance....

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How does a smart grid differ from a traditional electrical grid in terms of communication and control?

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Why is "active listening" considered a skill that requires conscious effort, and how does it fundamentally differ from simply hearing someone speak or waiting for your turn to talk?

Why is "active listening" considered a skill that requires conscious effort, and how does it fundamentally differ from simply hearing someone speak or waiting for your turn to talk?
Answer : The difference is one of **intent and engagement**. Hearing is a passive, physiological process of perceiving sound. Waiting for your turn to talk is a self-centered debate tactic. Active ... You gain a much deeper and more accurate understanding of the problem, leading to better solutions....

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What is the multipath fading problem in wireless communication, and how does the Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme elegantly solve this problem, which was a major limitation for previous generations of mobile technology?

What is the multipath fading problem in wireless communication, and how does the Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme elegantly solve this problem, which was a major limitation for previous generations of mobile technology?
Answer : This question addresses the single most challenging physical problem in mobile communication and the ingenious solution that underpins virtually all modern broadband wireless standards. --- ### **Part 1: The Problem - Multipath Fading and ... **4G LTE, 5G NR, and modern Wi-Fi (Wi-Fi 4/5/6/7)**....

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in Digital Electronics And Microcontroller Applications

How does a microcontroller, which operates exclusively with discrete digital values (1s and 0s), measure a continuous, real-world analog signal like the temperature from a sensor?

How does a microcontroller, which operates exclusively with discrete digital values (1s and 0s), measure a continuous, real-world analog signal like the temperature from a sensor?
Answer : The bridge between the analog real world and the digital world of a microcontroller is a crucial mixed-signal circuit called an **Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)**. Virtually all modern ... measurement like temperature, allowing a purely digital device to sense and react to the analog world....

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If the temperature of a good conductor decreases, how does the relaxation time of electrons in the conductor change?

If the temperature of a good conductor decreases, how does the relaxation time of electrons in the conductor change?
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in Electric Power Generation

With a neat diagram explain solar photovoltaic power plant.

With a neat diagram explain solar photovoltaic power plant.
Answer : Diagram of solar photovoltaic power plant : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=4390643679587391452 Explanation: Solar power plant consists of following components: 1. ... 5. Step-up transformer: It step-up input voltage to utilization voltage e.g. 230V ...

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in Analog Devices & Circuits

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in Current Electricity

Three identical cells, each of emf. 2V and unknown internal resistance are connected in parallel. This combination is connected to a 5 ohm resistor. If the terminal voltage across the cell is 1.5 volt. What is the internal resistance of each cell? Hence define the internal resistance of a cell?

Three identical cells, each of emf. 2V and unknown internal resistance are connected in parallel. This combination is connected to a 5 ohm resistor. If the terminal voltage across the cell is 1.5 volt. What is the internal resistance of each cell? Hence define the internal resistance of a cell?
Answer : ### Part 1: Calculating the Internal Resistance Here's how we can find the internal resistance of each cell. **Given Data:** * Electromotive force (EMF) of each cell, E = 2 V * Number of identical cells ... . * **I** is the current flowing from the cell. * **r** is the internal resistance....

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in Current Electricity

Why do we prefer a potentiometer to measure the emf of a cell rather than a voltmeter?

Why do we prefer a potentiometer to measure the emf of a cell rather than a voltmeter?
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in Current Electricity

In a potentiometer arrangement, a cell of emf 1.25V gives a balance point at 35.0cm length of the wire. If the cell is replaced by another cell and the balance point shifts to 63.0cm , what is the emf of the second cell?

In a potentiometer arrangement, a cell of emf 1.25V gives a balance point at 35.0cm length of the wire. If the cell is replaced by another cell and the balance point shifts to 63.0cm , what is the emf of the second cell?
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Using source conversion, reduce the circuit shown in the figure into a single voltage source in series with a single resistance.

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Why are microwave frequencies overwhelmingly preferred for radar systems, and what fundamental trade-off does the choice of a specific microwave frequency (e.g., S-band vs. X-band) represent for a radar's performance?
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What is the basic principle behind how a RADAR system detects an object's range and velocity?

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in Applied Physics

From a physics perspective, what makes a semiconductor like silicon fundamentally different from a conductor like copper or an insulator like glass, and how is this difference exploited to create the essential electronic component, the diode?

From a physics perspective, what makes a semiconductor like silicon fundamentally different from a conductor like copper or an insulator like glass, and how is this difference exploited to create the essential electronic component, the diode?
Answer : The fundamental difference lies in the **electron energy band structure** of the materials, specifically the size of the **band gap**. This unique property of semiconductors allows us to precisely ... and off at will is the foundation of all digital logic and the entire modern electronics industry....

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in Current Electricity

Explain with the help of a circuit diagram, how the value of an unknown resistance can be determined using a Wheatstone bridge?

Explain with the help of a circuit diagram, how the value of an unknown resistance can be determined using a Wheatstone bridge?
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in Current Electricity

With suitable circuit diagram, show how emfs of 2 cells can be compared using a potentiometer?

With suitable circuit diagram, show how emfs of 2 cells can be compared using a potentiometer?
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in Current Electricity

If potential difference V applied across a conductor is increased to 2V , how will the drift velocity of the electron change?

If potential difference V applied across a conductor is increased to 2V , how will the drift velocity of the electron change?
Answer : ### Short Answer If the potential difference V applied across a conductor is increased to 2V, the **drift velocity of the electrons will also double**. ### Detailed Explanation Let's ... the electric field, which doubles the force on the electrons, which doubles their average drift velocity....

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in Electrical Materials and Writing Practice

State the properties of copper and aluminium which make them good conductors of electricity.

State the properties of copper and aluminium which make them good conductors of electricity.
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in Current Electricity

State one condition for maximum current to be drawn from the cell?

State one condition for maximum current to be drawn from the cell?
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How is load flow analysis used in power system planning and operation?

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How are Fourier series used to analyze non-sinusoidal waveforms in electrical circuits?

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How would you use differential equations to model population growth?

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in Current Electricity

Given n resistors each of resistance R, how will you combine them to get the (i) maximum (ii) minimum effective resistance? What is the ratio of the maximum to minimum resistance?

Given n resistors each of resistance R, how will you combine them to get the (i) maximum (ii) minimum effective resistance? What is the ratio of the maximum to minimum resistance?
Answer : The two fundamental ways to combine resistors are in **series** and in **parallel**. These two configurations yield the maximum and minimum possible resistances, respectively. --- ### (i) Maximum Effective Resistance To obtain the * ... {min} = R/n$ | | **Ratio** | $R_{max} / R_{min}$ | $n^2$ |...

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How to calculate winding of transformer?

How to calculate winding of transformer?
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What is Electromotive Force (EMF)? How is it different from potential difference?

What is Electromotive Force (EMF)? How is it different from potential difference?
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Describe an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum.

Describe an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum.

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What is the difference between stress and strain in a mechanical component?

What is the difference between stress and strain in a mechanical component?

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Explain the difference between a conductor, an insulator, and a semiconductor based on their energy band structure.

Explain the difference between a conductor, an insulator, and a semiconductor based on their energy band structure.

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What is the function of a capacitor in an electronic circuit?

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What is the difference between a radial and a ring main electrical distribution system?

What is the difference between a radial and a ring main electrical distribution system?

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Define the transfer function of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system.

Define the transfer function of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system.

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Compare the working principles of a hydroelectric power plant and a nuclear power plant.

Compare the working principles of a hydroelectric power plant and a nuclear power plant.

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What is the role of a FACTS device like a STATCOM in a power transmission system?

What is the role of a FACTS device like a STATCOM in a power transmission system?

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What are the main components of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) powertrain?

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What are the key steps involved in conducting an energy audit for a commercial building?

What are the key steps involved in conducting an energy audit for a commercial building?

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Compare and contrast the operational characteristics of a MOSFET and an IGBT.

Compare and contrast the operational characteristics of a MOSFET and an IGBT.

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What is a PID controller and what do the proportional, integral, and derivative terms represent?

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What are the key differences between a manager and a leader in an organization?

What are the key differences between a manager and a leader in an organization?

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Explain the basic components and architecture of a SCADA system.

Explain the basic components and architecture of a SCADA system.

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