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Find the Thevenin equivalent circuit of the circuit shown in Fig. to the left of the terminals a-b. Then find the current through RL = 6, 16, and 36 Ohm. ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=8797772883006435339 Answer : Solution : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=9419660387739356857...
Digital Electronics | Octal to Decimal Conversion Example
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Six lead-acid type of secondary cells each of emf 2.0 V and internal resistance 0.015 Ohm are joined in series to provide a supply to a resistance of 8.5 Ohm . What is the current drawn from the supply and its terminal voltage? Answer : ### Given Data: * Number of cells, **n = 6** * EMF of each cell, **E_cell = 2.0 V** * Internal resistance of each cell, **r_cell = 0.015 Ω** * External resistance (load), **R = 8.5 Ω ... The current drawn from the supply is **1.40 A**. * The terminal voltage of the supply is **11.9 V**....
Speed Control of DC Motors MCQs | Electrical Engineering
A battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance 3 Ohm is connected to a resistor. If the current in the circuit is 0.5 A, what is the resistance of the resistor? What is the terminal voltage of the battery when the circuit is closed? Answer : ### Given Information: * **EMF of the battery (E):** 10 V * **Internal resistance (r):** 3 Ω * **Current in the circuit (I):** 0.5 A --- ### 1. What is the resistance of the ... text{V}$ Both methods give the same result. **Answer:** The terminal voltage of the battery is **8.5 V**....
Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits #460 | Electrical Engineering
Apply Thevenin's theorem to find the current flowing through 10 Ohm resistor in the circuit shown in Fig. ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=17093197202595013139 Answer : Solution : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=7777645411503729955...
Maximum Power Transfer Solved Example #473 | Electrical Engineering
Why is the Fourier Series—the ability to represent a complex periodic function as a sum of simple sine and cosine waves—considered one of the most powerful tools in applied mathematics and engineering? Answer : The power of the Fourier Series lies in its ability to transform a problem from the often-complex **time domain** into the much simpler and more intuitive **frequency domain**. It acts like a ... ) is impossible. The sharp corners, which rely on the highest frequencies, will always get rounded off....
Simplify the following | Electrical Engineering
A storage battery of emf 8.0 V and internal resistance 0.5 Ohm is being charged by a 120 V DC supply using a series resistor of 15.5 Ohm . What is the terminal voltage of the battery during charging? What is the purpose of having a series resistor in the charging circuit? Answer : ### Given Data: * Electromotive force (emf) of the battery, $E = 8.0 \text{ V}$ * Internal resistance of the battery, $r = 0.5 \text{ } \Omega$ * DC supply voltage, $V_{supply} = ... to a much safer and more manageable **7.0 A**, protecting both the battery and the power supply from damage....
Find i(t) in RL circuit. | First Order Circuit | Electrical Engineering
Convert the circuit shown in fig. into a single voltage source in series with resistance. ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=17118069873838951895 Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=10997850983763419494 --- ### **Mastering Source Transformation: A Step-by-Step Circuit Simplification Example** Source transformation is a ... **30/31 Ω (or approximately 0.97 Ω) resistor**. **Final Circuit Diagram:** ...
RLC series circuit | Electrical Engineering
Using source conversion, reduce the circuit shown in the figure into a single voltage source in series with a single resistance. ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=18414686426985693295 Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=9298562401596151803 ### **Source Transformation Explained: A Step-by-Step Circuit Simplification Example** Source ... a resistor is a Norton equivalent circuit. Source transformation is the method to convert between them....
Find IB, IC, and vo and in the transistor circuit of Fig Assume that the | Electrical Engineering
In the circuit below, use a source transformation to determine Vo. ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=15669083920906828389 Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=4854655767405747567 --- ### **How to Use Source Transformation to Find Vo in a Circuit: A Step-by-Step Guide* ... voltage `Vo`. This example highlights why source transformation is an essential tool in **circuit analysis**....
Source Transformation Solved Example Problem (Simple) | Electrical Engineering
In a Hall Effect experiment, a voltage is measured perpendicular to both the current flow and the magnetic field. What is the physical origin of this "Hall Voltage," and what two crucial properties of a semiconductor material can be determined by measuring it? Answer : The physical origin of the Hall Voltage is the **Lorentz force** acting on charge carriers as they move through a magnetic field. This simple experiment is profoundly important because it ... **carrier concentration `n`**, a fundamental parameter that dictates the material's electrical properties....
Wisdom teeth normally grow during the which age? | Electrical Engineering
What is Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)? Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=7522351016053625540 *** ### Understanding Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL): A Simple Guide Kirchhoff's Voltage Law ... is a critical tool for analyzing any electrical circuit, from the simplest series circuit to complex networks....
Write algorithm and draw flow-chart to print even numbers from 1 to 100. (Programming-In-C)
Find the value of unknown resistance X in the circuit shown in the figure if no current flows through the section AO. Also calculate the current drawn by the circuit from the battery of emf. 6V ... resistance. ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=394010198424626099 Answer : ### Part 1: Finding the value of the unknown resistance X The problem states that no current flows through the section AO. Let's label the central junction point as 'O'. 1. **Identify the Principle:** The ... resistance **X is 6Ω**. * The current drawn by the circuit from the battery is **1A**....
Explain difference between enhancement MOSFET and depletion type MOSFET | Electrical Engineering
Find the current in branch AB of the circuit shown in fig. using Source transformation ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=7019709196279102058 Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=13018689032320312451 ### **Find the Current in Branch AB using Source Transformation** This article provides a detailed solution for finding ... direction. Therefore, the current of 84.5 mA flows from **node B to node A**....
Nodal Analysis of Electric Circuits Example 5 | Electrical Engineering
A set of n-identical resistors, each of resistance R ohm when connected in series have an effective resistance of X ohm and when the resistors are connected in parallel the effective resistance is Y ohm. Find the relation between R , X and Y ? Answer : Let's break this down step-by-step to find the relationship between R, X, and Y. ### 1. Resistors in Series When resistors are connected in series, their total effective resistance is the sum of ... the **geometric mean** of the total series resistance (X) and the total parallel resistance (Y)....
How to use current division rule in AC circuit ? | Impedance and Admittance | Electrical Engineering
A battery of emf E and internal resistance r sends a current, I1 , I2 when connected to an external resistance of R1 , R2 respectively. Find the emf. and internal resistance of the battery. Answer : Let's derive the expressions for the electromotive force (EMF) and the internal resistance of the battery step-by-step. ### Understanding the Setup The core principle we'll use is Ohm's law applied to the entire circuit. For a ... $$ **EMF (E):** $$ E = \frac{I_1 I_2 (R_1 - R_2)}{I_2 - I_1} $$...
Maximum power transfer theorem with dependent source | Electrical Engineering
Two heated wires of the same dimensions are first connected in series and then it’s parallel to a source of supply. What will be the ratio of heat produced in the two cases? Answer : Here is the step-by-step solution: ### The Short Answer The ratio of heat produced in the series case to the parallel case is **1:4**. --- ### Detailed ... proportional to this current, the parallel circuit draws significantly more power and therefore produces significantly more heat....
Elements of Electronics Engineering MCQs | Electrical Engineering
Three identical cells, each of emf. 2V and unknown internal resistance are connected in parallel. This combination is connected to a 5 ohm resistor. If the terminal voltage across the cell is 1.5 volt. What is the internal resistance of each cell? Hence define the internal resistance of a cell? Answer : ### Part 1: Calculating the Internal Resistance Here's how we can find the internal resistance of each cell. **Given Data:** * Electromotive force (EMF) of each cell, E = 2 V * Number of identical cells ... . * **I** is the current flowing from the cell. * **r** is the internal resistance....
Instantaneous Voltages | Electrical Engineering
What is Voltage? A Simple Guide to Electric Pressure (V) Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=14655249534964376862 *** ### What is Voltage? A Simple Guide to Electric Pressure (V) Voltage, often described as ... always more dangerous. The level of danger from electricity depends on a combination of voltage and current....
Thevenin's and Norton's Theorems 27 | Electrical Engineering
Find IL for the circuit shown in fig. using Source transformation. ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=4421852427935123661 Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=7043185347050990986 ### **How to Find Current in a Circuit Using Source Transformation: A Step-by-Step Example** This article provides a detailed ... I2) from a total current (I_total) is `I2 = I_total * (R1 / (R1 + R2))`....
Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis - nodal analysis super node problem solution
What are the fundamental limitations of traditional "hard-switched" PWM converters, and how do resonant or "soft-switching" techniques like Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and Zero Current Switching (ZCS) overcome these limitations to achieve higher efficiency and power density? Answer : This question addresses the critical challenge of **switching loss**, the primary barrier to increasing the operating frequency, and therefore the power density, of modern power converters. ** ... state-of-the-art applications like server power supplies, EV chargers, and renewable energy inverters....
MCQ on Measurement and Instrumentation | Electrical Engineering
Describe an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum.
Bandwidth of a Series Resonant Circuit | Electrical Engineering
Do conventional current and electron current flow in the same direction in an electric circuit? Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=13686190518983378217 The short answer is: **No, they flow in opposite directions.** Here is a detailed breakdown of why: ... what's happening inside the wire, you need to think about **electron current (negative to positive)**....
AC Circuit Nodal Analysis with Dependent Source | Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis | Electrical
Using source conversion, convert the given circuit into an equivalent circuit containing a single resistance and voltage source. ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=4024946229561106108 Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=8995260068267182734 --- ### **Mastering Circuit Analysis: A Step-by-Step Guide to Source Transformation** Source ... polarity of voltage sources and the direction of current sources at every step to ensure an accurate result....
Write short notes on Arduino. | Electrical Engineering
What is Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) ? Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=291642859617107883 --- ### **Understanding Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL): Definition, Formula, and Example** Kirchhoff's Current Law, often abbreviated ... = 2 A` **Answer:** The value of the unknown current is **I₅ = 2 A**....
OR Gate using NAND Gate | Electrical Engineering
Explain the concept of inheritance in C++ with a simple example.
Simplify : log(2/3) + log (4/5) - log (8/15) | Electrical Engineering
Discover the fundamentals of electric current. Learn the definition, the basic formula (I = Q/t), the difference between AC/DC, and the distinction between conventional current and electron flow. Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=15457729789953541712 *** # What is Electric Current? A Complete Guide to the Basics Electric current is the ... industry has continued to use conventional current (positive to negative) as the standard for circuit analysis....
Explain the factors to be considered while designing a lighting scheme. | Electrical Engineering
What is the function of a capacitor in an electronic circuit? Answer : To store electric energy when the circuit is closed and release the energy when circuit is opened ...
Square of matrix problem | Electrical Engineering
What is the primary function of a circuit breaker in an electrical system? Answer : It Cuts the power off in any fault in the circuit such as overloading to protect appliances....
Basic Electrical MCQ | 10 | Electrical Engineering
Calculate the equivalent resistance of a circuit with three resistors (5Ω, 10Ω, 15Ω) connected in parallel.
Maximum Power Transfer Solved Example #475 | Electrical Engineering
A steady current flow in a metallic conductor of non-uniform crosssection. Which of these quantities is constant along the conductor: current, current density, electric field, drift speed? Answer : Here is a detailed explanation for each quantity: ### 1. Current (I) * **Why it's constant:** The term "steady current" implies that the rate of flow of charge ($I = dQ/dt$) is constant. Due to the ... ($v_d$)** | Not Constant | $v_d = I/(nAe)$. Since A is not constant, $v_d$ is not constant. |...
Series and parallel capacitor problem 3 | Electrical Engineering
Two wires A and B are of the same metal and of same length have their areas of cross section in the ratio 2:1 if the same potential difference is applied across each wire in turn, what will be the ratio of current flowing in A & B ? Answer : The ratio of the current flowing in wire A to wire B is **2:1**. --- ### Detailed Explanation Let's break down the problem using the relevant physics principles. #### 1. List the Given ... resistance, which is wire A. Our result confirms this: the current in A is twice the current in B....
Digital Caliper | Electrical Engineering
In metrology, what is the fundamental difference between accuracy and precision, and why is it possible—and often dangerous—for a measurement to be highly precise but not accurate? Answer : The fundamental difference is that **accuracy** describes the closeness of a measurement to the true value, while **precision** describes the closeness of repeated measurements to each ... . Understanding that a measurement can be consistently wrong is a foundational principle of metrology....
Problem on power 2 | Electrical and Electronics Engineering | Electrical Engineering
A cylindrical wire is stretched to increase its length by 10% calculate the percentage increase in resistance? Answer : The percentage increase in resistance is **21%**. Here is the step-by-step calculation and explanation: ### The Key Concepts 1. **Resistance Formula:** The resistance (R) of a wire is given by: $R = \ ... R_1}{R_1} \times 100\%$ $\text{Percentage Increase} = 0.21 \times 100\% = \bf{21\%}$...
Series and Parallel Resistors : Calculate Vo in the circuit of Fig using voltage division rule
In a potentiometer arrangement, a cell of emf 1.25V gives a balance point at 35.0cm length of the wire. If the cell is replaced by another cell and the balance point shifts to 63.0cm , what is the emf of the second cell? Answer : ### Principle The working principle of a potentiometer is that the potential drop across any portion of a wire of uniform cross-section is directly proportional to the length of that portion, provided a constant current flows ... 2.25 V** ### Answer The EMF of the second cell is **2.25 V**....
Complex Number Solved Example | Electrical Engineering
Explain Ohm's Law and its significance in circuit analysis.
Superposition Theorem Solved Example | Electrical Engineering
Understanding Voltage Sources in Series: Aiding vs. Opposing Connections Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=968797313295128564 --- ### **Understanding Voltage Sources in Series: Aiding vs. Opposing Connections** ... voltage sources in series. Always check the polarity of the connection before calculating the equivalent voltage....
RLC Circuit Analysis: Frequency, Current, Power Factor, Quality | Resonance in Series Circuits
Source Transformation Explained: A Simple Guide to Simplifying Circuits Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=494237704717564237 --- ### Source Transformation Explained: A Simple Guide to Simplifying Circuits In the world of ... applying source transformation, you can add a versatile and powerful tool to your circuit analysis toolkit....
Are you Smart Enough to Answer this? | Electrical Engineering
How would you use MATLAB to solve a system of linear equations?
Supermesh Analysis | Mesh Analysis Solved Example Problem | Supermesh Problem
How are Fourier series used to analyze non-sinusoidal waveforms in electrical circuits?
Phasors Problem | Sinusoids Example | AC circuit | Electrical Engineering
Given the following electrical circuit, calculate the output voltage Vo across the 4 kΩ resistor using source transformation. ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=17431506859821844536 Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=16228213692693242430 ### **Solved Example: Calculating Output Voltage (Vo) using Source Transformation** This article provides a complete walkthrough ... The output voltage **Vo** across the 4 kΩ resistor is **10.6448 V**. ...
Mesh Analysis | Electric Circuits | Problem 3.38 | Electrical Engineering
Define voltage, current, and resistance, and state the relationship between them.
State condition for resonance in R-L-C series circuit. | Electrical Engineering
Explain the use of the following components in electrical wiring system and give specification of each: (i) MCB (ii) ELCB Answer : ### Introduction In any modern electrical wiring system, safety and protection are paramount. Devices like MCBs and ELCBs are critical safety components installed in a consumer unit (also known as a ... (lighting, sockets, etc.) | Protecting a group of circuits or an entire installation |...
How can food be recycled? | Electrical Engineering
Explain the use of following tools in carrying out electrical wiring installation: (i) Nose pliers (ii) Test lamps (iii) Crimping tools (iv) Cutter. Answer : General Introduction In electrical wiring, using the correct tool for the job is not just about efficiency; it is a fundamental requirement for safety and the quality of the finished installation. A poor ... Do not use them to cut steel wire or screws, as this will damage the cutting edges....
Alternating Current Production | Electrical Engineering
What are the standard safety procedures to follow when working on high-voltage equipment?
Why is Gold So Expensive: Exploring the Factors Behind the High Cost of the Precious Metal
Describe the practical application of Pascal's law in hydraulic systems.
Linear Algebra Problem For a given matrix inverse of a matrix is | Electrical Engineering
Three resistors 1 Ohm , 2 Ohm and 3 Ohm are combined in series. What is the total resistance of the combination? Answer : When resistors are combined in series, the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances. The formula is: R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 Given the values: * R1 = 1 Ω * R2 = 2 Ω * R3 = 3 Ω ... = 1 Ω + 2 Ω + 3 Ω = 6 Ω So, the total resistance of the combination is **6 Ohms**....
Calculating Current in a Coil: Solving for Resistance and Inductance in AC Circuit
State one condition for maximum current to be drawn from the cell? Answer : For maximum current to be drawn from a cell, the **external resistance in the circuit should be zero**. This condition is also known as a **short circuit**. **Explanation:** The current (I) drawn from a cell ... possible value is 0. When R = 0, the current is at its maximum value, I_max = E / r....
Resistor | Electrical Engineering
Explain with the help of a circuit diagram, how the value of an unknown resistance can be determined using a Wheatstone bridge? Answer : ![][1] [1]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=407323477172242274 ### **Introduction** A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used for the precise measurement of an ... (R₃) at the balance point has been recorded, the unknown resistance Rₓ can be calculated precisely....
For the following pairs of sinusoids, determine which one leads and by how much.
State and explain Kirchhoff’s law? Answer : Kirchhoff's laws are two fundamental principles used to analyze electric circuits. They were formulated by Gustav Kirchhoff in 1845 and are based on the conservation of charge ... =blob&qa_blobid=16131873694589351449 [2]: https://electrical-engineering.app/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=10917265924274549047...
LAWS OF LOGARITHM | Electrical Engineering
The storage battery of a car has an emf of 12V . If the internal resistance of the battery is 0.4 Ohm , what is the maximum current that can be drawn from the battery? Answer : The maximum current that can be drawn from the battery is **30 Amperes (A)**. --- ### Detailed Explanation #### 1. Understand the Concepts * **EMF (Electromotive Force, $\mathcal{E ... even explode. This calculation is a theoretical maximum. **Never attempt to short-circuit a car battery.**...
Nodal Analysis in AC circuit analysis | Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis | Electrical Engineering
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