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What is the purpose of grounding (earthing) in an electrical installation?
Mesh Analysis Example | Electrical Engineering
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What is the purpose of earthing or grounding in an electrical installation? Answer : The primary and most critical purpose of earthing (or grounding, as it's more commonly called in North America) in an electrical installation is **safety**. It acts as a ... that saves lives and prevents fires by ensuring any dangerous electrical fault is instantly and automatically disconnected....
How to admittance of the circuit ? | Impedance and Admittance | AC circuit | Electrical Engineering
What is the primary function of a circuit breaker in an electrical system? Answer : It Cuts the power off in any fault in the circuit such as overloading to protect appliances....
Waveform, Instantaneous Value, Frequency, Amplitude, Cycle, Period, Angular Frequency
What is the main difference between a rectifier and an inverter in power electronics? Answer : A rectifier converts AC (Alternating Current) → DC (Direct Current). It is used in power supplies, battery charging, and DC motor drives. Example: diode bridge rectifier. An inverter converts DC ... , wind), UPS systems, and variable-frequency drives. Example: PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) inverter....
Electrical Engineering Facts 85
A storage battery of emf 8.0 V and internal resistance 0.5 Ohm is being charged by a 120 V DC supply using a series resistor of 15.5 Ohm . What is the terminal voltage of the battery during charging? What is the purpose of having a series resistor in the charging circuit? Answer : ### Given Data: * Electromotive force (emf) of the battery, $E = 8.0 \text{ V}$ * Internal resistance of the battery, $r = 0.5 \text{ } \Omega$ * DC supply voltage, $V_{supply} = ... to a much safer and more manageable **7.0 A**, protecting both the battery and the power supply from damage....
How to draw phasor diagram from polar form phasors | Electrical Engineering
What is the role of a FACTS device like a STATCOM in a power transmission system?
Current Division Rule in AC Analysis | Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis | Electrical Engineering
What is the function of a rectifier in a power supply?
Superposition Theorem | Electric Circuits | Problem 4.19 | Electrical Engineering
What is the function of a capacitor in an electronic circuit? Answer : To store electric energy when the circuit is closed and release the energy when circuit is opened ...
Design of IIR filter using approximation of derivatives 3 | Electrical and Electronics Engineering
What is a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS), and why is it frequently used in embedded systems instead of a general-purpose operating system like Linux or Windows? Answer : The answer lies in one critical concept: **determinism**. While a general-purpose OS is designed for high throughput and fairness, an RTOS is designed for predictability and meeting strict timing deadlines. ... system where **failing to complete a task on time is considered a total system failure.**...
Thevenin Equivalent Circuit | Electrical Engineering
What is the purpose of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm in signal processing?
Transistor #electronicsengineering
What is the purpose of the 'extrude' command in 3D CAD software?
Mesh Analysis | Mesh Analysis Problem | Electrical Engineering
What is the difference between electrical Power (kW) and electrical Energy (kWh), and why do industrial consumers get penalized for having a low Power Factor even if their energy consumption remains the same? Answer : This question touches on the fundamental economic and technical aspects of utilizing electrical energy. The answer lies in understanding what you are billed for versus what the utility company must actually ... strain on the grid, minimizes energy losses, and frees up capacity for other customers....
Thevenin's Theorem Problem | Electrical Engineering
Describe the function of an inverter in a power electronics system.
Delta to Star network and Start to Delta network Conversion #electricalengineering
In designing an IoT application, what are the key trade-offs between processing data in the Cloud versus at the Edge, and can you provide a real-world example where each approach is clearly superior? Answer : This question addresses the fundamental architectural choice of "where the thinking happens" in an IoT system. The decision between Cloud and Edge computing directly impacts an application's ... data analytics, and centralized device management. This combination provides the best of both worlds....
Electrical Engineering | Electrical Machine | Transformer | MCQ 6 | Electrical Engineering
A set of n-identical resistors, each of resistance R ohm when connected in series have an effective resistance of X ohm and when the resistors are connected in parallel the effective resistance is Y ohm. Find the relation between R , X and Y ? Answer : Let's break this down step-by-step to find the relationship between R, X, and Y. ### 1. Resistors in Series When resistors are connected in series, their total effective resistance is the sum of ... the **geometric mean** of the total series resistance (X) and the total parallel resistance (Y)....
Basic Electrical MCQ | 10 | Electrical Engineering
The storage battery of a car has an emf of 12V . If the internal resistance of the battery is 0.4 Ohm , what is the maximum current that can be drawn from the battery? Answer : The maximum current that can be drawn from the battery is **30 Amperes (A)**. --- ### Detailed Explanation #### 1. Understand the Concepts * **EMF (Electromotive Force, $\mathcal{E ... even explode. This calculation is a theoretical maximum. **Never attempt to short-circuit a car battery.**...
Block diagram reduction problem 3 | Electrical and Electronics Engineering | Electrical Engineering
How does a smart grid differ from a traditional electrical grid in terms of communication and control?
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 6 | Electrical Engineering
What is the function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in a microprocessor?
Electrical Engineering Facts 96
In a Hall Effect experiment, a voltage is measured perpendicular to both the current flow and the magnetic field. What is the physical origin of this "Hall Voltage," and what two crucial properties of a semiconductor material can be determined by measuring it? Answer : The physical origin of the Hall Voltage is the **Lorentz force** acting on charge carriers as they move through a magnetic field. This simple experiment is profoundly important because it ... **carrier concentration `n`**, a fundamental parameter that dictates the material's electrical properties....
Why Birds Don't Get Electric Shock Despite Sitting on High-Voltage Wire ? | Electrical Engineering
What is the multipath fading problem in wireless communication, and how does the Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme elegantly solve this problem, which was a major limitation for previous generations of mobile technology? Answer : This question addresses the single most challenging physical problem in mobile communication and the ingenious solution that underpins virtually all modern broadband wireless standards. --- ### **Part 1: The Problem - Multipath Fading and ... **4G LTE, 5G NR, and modern Wi-Fi (Wi-Fi 4/5/6/7)**....
Sources | Voltage Source | Current Source | Types | Electrical Engineering
Six lead-acid type of secondary cells each of emf 2.0 V and internal resistance 0.015 Ohm are joined in series to provide a supply to a resistance of 8.5 Ohm . What is the current drawn from the supply and its terminal voltage? Answer : ### Given Data: * Number of cells, **n = 6** * EMF of each cell, **E_cell = 2.0 V** * Internal resistance of each cell, **r_cell = 0.015 Ω** * External resistance (load), **R = 8.5 Ω ... The current drawn from the supply is **1.40 A**. * The terminal voltage of the supply is **11.9 V**....
Nodal analysis example with dependent current source | Electrical Engineering
A battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance 3 Ohm is connected to a resistor. If the current in the circuit is 0.5 A, what is the resistance of the resistor? What is the terminal voltage of the battery when the circuit is closed? Answer : ### Given Information: * **EMF of the battery (E):** 10 V * **Internal resistance (r):** 3 Ω * **Current in the circuit (I):** 0.5 A --- ### 1. What is the resistance of the ... text{V}$ Both methods give the same result. **Answer:** The terminal voltage of the battery is **8.5 V**....
Delta vs. Star Connection Explained | Three-Phase Power Basics
Three identical cells, each of emf. 2V and unknown internal resistance are connected in parallel. This combination is connected to a 5 ohm resistor. If the terminal voltage across the cell is 1.5 volt. What is the internal resistance of each cell? Hence define the internal resistance of a cell? Answer : ### Part 1: Calculating the Internal Resistance Here's how we can find the internal resistance of each cell. **Given Data:** * Electromotive force (EMF) of each cell, E = 2 V * Number of identical cells ... . * **I** is the current flowing from the cell. * **r** is the internal resistance....
Source transformation 3 | Electrical Engineering
In a potentiometer arrangement, a cell of emf 1.25V gives a balance point at 35.0cm length of the wire. If the cell is replaced by another cell and the balance point shifts to 63.0cm , what is the emf of the second cell? Answer : ### Principle The working principle of a potentiometer is that the potential drop across any portion of a wire of uniform cross-section is directly proportional to the length of that portion, provided a constant current flows ... 2.25 V** ### Answer The EMF of the second cell is **2.25 V**....
Mesh Analysis | Electric Circuits | Problem 3.38 | Electrical Engineering
Two wires A and B are of the same metal and of same length have their areas of cross section in the ratio 2:1 if the same potential difference is applied across each wire in turn, what will be the ratio of current flowing in A & B ? Answer : The ratio of the current flowing in wire A to wire B is **2:1**. --- ### Detailed Explanation Let's break down the problem using the relevant physics principles. #### 1. List the Given ... resistance, which is wire A. Our result confirms this: the current in A is twice the current in B....
Current division rule example In a circuit, two 9 ohms resistances are connected in series to a
What is meant by "harmonics" in an electrical system and what problems can they cause?
Norton Equivalent #446 | Electrical Engineering
What are the primary design considerations for the core and windings of an electrical transformer?
Problem on Kirchhoff's Laws 3 | Electrical Engineering
What is the fundamental difference between Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) like carbon dioxide and Criteria Air Pollutants like sulfur dioxide, and why do they require different mitigation strategies even though they often come from the same source, such as a power plant? Answer : The fundamental difference lies in their **mechanism of harm** and the **scale of their impact**. Greenhouse gases cause a **global, long-term** problem by altering the Earth's ... compliance with local air quality laws but still be a significant environmental concern from a climate perspective....
The potentiometer adjustable resistor Rx in fig is to be designed to adjust current ix from 1 A to
What is the difference between fixed costs and variable costs in an engineering project?
Introduction to Circuit Analysis | Electrical Engineering
Explain the choice of size and number of generator units in a power plant. Answer : --- ### The Fundamental Trade-Off At its core, the decision boils down to a trade-off between two main approaches: 1. **A Few Large Units:** This approach leverages **economies ... designed with multiple, fast-ramping units to complement the variability of wind and solar power on the grid....
Hardest Question on the SAT Explained | Electrical Engineering
What is the difference between analog and digital instruments in electrical measurement? Answer : Analog instruments use a continuously moving pointer or needle to represent the measured quantity. Example: moving-coil ammeter, analog voltmeter. They are simple and give a visual trend but have lower ... and can store or process data, but they may be costlier and require power supply/electronics....
Why do some plugs have three pins while others have only two? | Electrical Engineering
What are the key steps involved in conducting an energy audit for a commercial building?
Wye-Delta Transformations : Find Req and I in the circuit of Fig | Circuit Analysis
What are the key differences between a manager and a leader in an organization?
Inverting Amplifier Explained with Simulator and Example | Electronics Engineering | Op Amp
What is the difference between an open-loop and a closed-loop control system?
Electrical Engineering Facts 1
What is the difference between an analog signal and a digital signal?
Electrical Engineering Facts 83
What is the basic principle behind how a RADAR system detects an object's range and velocity?
Hindi : What should be the value of R for which a current of | AC Series Parallel Circuits Example
From a physics perspective, what makes a semiconductor like silicon fundamentally different from a conductor like copper or an insulator like glass, and how is this difference exploited to create the essential electronic component, the diode? Answer : The fundamental difference lies in the **electron energy band structure** of the materials, specifically the size of the **band gap**. This unique property of semiconductors allows us to precisely ... and off at will is the foundation of all digital logic and the entire modern electronics industry....
Surveying MCQs | Electrical Engineering
What is the difference between a radial and a ring main electrical distribution system?
jumper wires #electricalengineering #electronicsengineering
What are the primary causes of electrical breakdown in gaseous insulators?
Problem on temperature coefficient of resistance #1 | Electrical Engineering
Why is accurately estimating Indirect Costs (Overhead) and Profit just as critical as correctly calculating the direct costs of labor and material when submitting a competitive and sustainable electrical bid? Answer : This question gets to the heart of what separates a working electrician from a successful electrical contractor. While getting the direct costs right determines the *cost* of a job, getting ... reward the risk involved. All three are indispensable pillars of a successful electrical contracting bid....
Electrical Engineering Facts 36
What is drift velocity? Derive expression for drift velocity of electrons in a good conductor in terms of relaxation time of electrons? Answer : --- ### Part 1: What is Drift Velocity? In a metallic conductor (like a copper wire), the outer electrons of the atoms are not bound to individual atoms. They are free to move throughout the entire volume of ... field. * The magnitude of the drift velocity is given by: $v_d = \frac{e\tau}{m}E$....
Logic Simplification Using Boolean Algebra 1 | Electrical and Electronics Engineering
What is the difference between stress and strain in a mechanical component?
Electrical Engineering App/Website
From a fundamental engineering mechanics perspective, what is the primary difference between a beam and a shaft, given that both are often long, slender components used in structural and mechanical systems? Answer : The primary difference lies in the **type of load they are designed to resist** and, consequently, the **purpose they serve**. A **beam** is designed to resist **bending loads**, while a ... it supports. In such cases, engineers must analyze the **combined stresses** from both bending and torsion....
MCQ on Measurement and Instrumentation | Electrical Engineering
In C++, what is the fundamental problem that the virtual keyword solves when working with inheritance and pointers, and what is the practical difference in behavior when a base class function is declared with versus without it? Answer : The `virtual` keyword solves the critical problem of **static vs. dynamic binding**, enabling **runtime polymorphism**, which is arguably the most powerful feature of Object-Oriented Programming. In simple terms, `virtual` ... NOTE: No 'virtual' keyword here void draw() { std::cout ...
Resonance | Electrical Engineering
In metrology, what is the fundamental difference between accuracy and precision, and why is it possible—and often dangerous—for a measurement to be highly precise but not accurate? Answer : The fundamental difference is that **accuracy** describes the closeness of a measurement to the true value, while **precision** describes the closeness of repeated measurements to each ... . Understanding that a measurement can be consistently wrong is a foundational principle of metrology....
Superposition Theorem | Electric Circuits | Practice Problem 4.5 | Electrical Engineering
What is the fundamental difference in the physical mechanism and material structure between a Light Emitting Diode (LED) and a Laser Diode, given that both are semiconductor p-n junction devices that convert electricity into light? Answer : The difference lies in the nature of the photon emission process they utilize and the physical structure required to support that process. An LED relies on **Spontaneous Emission** to produce incoherent light, ... data | Fiber optics, barcode scanners, laser pointers, Blu-ray/DVD players |...
Wye Delta Transformation 7 | Electrical Engineering
What is the difference between a diode and a transistor in electronics? Answer : A diode is a two-terminal device that allows current to flow in only one direction. It is mainly used for rectification (converting AC to DC), voltage regulation, and protection ... input current/voltage, making it essential in signal amplification, digital logic circuits, and power control....
Single Phase Series AC Circuit Example | Electrical Engineering
What is the value of x in the equation 2x + 5 = 15? Answer : 2x + 5 =15 2x = 15 - 5 2x = 10 x = 10/2 x = 5...
Controllability problem 2| Electrical and Electronics Engineering | Electrical Engineering
In the context of green building and energy conservation, what is the fundamental difference between R-Value and U-Value, and why is one typically used for individual materials like insulation, while the other is used for complex assemblies like windows? Answer : The fundamental difference is that they are mathematical reciprocals of each other, measuring opposite things: **R-Value measures resistance to heat flow**, while **U-Value measures the rate ... envelope that conserves energy by keeping heat inside during the winter and outside during the summer....
Circuits with XL Alone | Electrical Engineering
Three resistors 1 Ohm , 2 Ohm and 3 Ohm are combined in series. What is the total resistance of the combination? Answer : When resistors are combined in series, the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances. The formula is: R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 Given the values: * R1 = 1 Ω * R2 = 2 Ω * R3 = 3 Ω ... = 1 Ω + 2 Ω + 3 Ω = 6 Ω So, the total resistance of the combination is **6 Ohms**....
Why do different countries use different frequencies? | Electrical Engineering
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